<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecsocmenus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Экономика. Социология. Менеджмент</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1552</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1552-2022-12-2-10-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecsocmenus-578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРЕНДЫ МИРОВОЙ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND NATIONAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Российско-германские экономические отношения в контексте углубления политического противостояния Российской Федерации и Европейского союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian-German Economic Relations in the Context of the Deepening Political Confrontation Between the Russian Federation and the European Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-7330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмина Виолетта Михайловна - кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры международных отношений и государственного управления, </p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta M. Kuzmina - Cand. of Sci. (History), Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, </p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmina-violetta@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархомчук</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomchuk</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пархомчук Марина Анатольевна - доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры международных отношений и государственного управления, </p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Parkhomchuk - Dr. of Sci. (Economic), Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration,</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinaanatollevna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Юго-Западный государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southwest State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмина В.М., Пархомчук М.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина В.М., Пархомчук М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmina V.M., Parkhomchuk M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecsocmenus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/578">https://ecsocmenus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/578</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Сегодня российско-германские экономические отношения, с одной стороны, развиваются в контексте отношений Россия ‒ ЕС, с другой стороны ‒ между Российской Федерацией и ФРГ, но они отягощены влиянием политических факторов. Традиционные сферы экономического сотрудничества получили первые трещины в связи с началом введения санкций с 2014 года, но «четвертый» пакет санкций в марте 2022 года со стороны ЕС, к которому успешно присоединилось правительство Шольца, нарушил мирохозяйственные связи между странами, которые налаживались не одно десятилетие.</p><p>Цель – дать оценку экономического сотрудничества между Россией и Германией с учетом осложнившихся политических взаимоотношений между ЕС и Российской Федерацией.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи: выделить приоритетные направления сотрудничества России и Германии на современном этапе; выделить сдерживающие факторы экономических отношений между странами.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Применен дискурсивный анализ официальных заявлений глав правительств для исследования качественных и количественных показателей сотрудничества России с Германией. Проанализированы вторичные статистические данные, полученные на основе подхода гравитационного моделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование показало, что одной из эффективно развивающихся отраслей является инвестирование немецких компаний в предприятия российских регионов. Санкции стран ЕС сказались негативно на отдельных высокотехнологичных отраслях экономики Российской Федерации, но российские контрсанкции на мясо, молоко и молочные продукты, а также фрукты и овощи «ударили» по потребителю в странах ЕС и Германии. Прогноз торгово-экономических отношений в обсуждаемым членами ЕС «шестым» пакетом санкций в отношении Российской Федерации затруднителен.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Германия занимала значимое место в торговом, экономическом и инвестиционном сотрудничестве с Россией. В настоящий момент продолжаются раскручивание безосновательных обвинений России в том, что наша страна представляет собой «угрозу» для Евросоюза. Германия активно поддерживает ЕС в его курсе на внедрение новых санкционных мер по отношению к Российской Федерации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Today, Russian-German economic relations, on the one hand, are developing in the context of Russia ‒ EU relations, and on the other hand, between the Russian Federation and Germany, but they are weighed down by the influence of political factors. The traditional areas of economic cooperation received their first cracks due to the introduction of sanctions in 2014, but the “fourth” package of sanctions in March 2022 from the EU, which was successfully joined by the Scholz government, disrupted the world economic ties between countries that had been established for decades.</p><p>The purpose is to assess the economic cooperation between Russia and Germany, taking into account the complicated political relations between the EU and the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives: identify priority areas of cooperation between Russia and Germany at the present stage; highlight the constraining factors of economic relations between countries.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A discursive analysis of the official statements of the heads of government was applied to study the qualitative and quantitative indicators of cooperation between the Russian Federation and Germany. The secondary statistical data obtained on the basis of the gravity modeling approach are analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study showed that one of the most effectively developing industries is the investment of German companies in enterprises of Russian regions. The sanctions of the EU countries had a negative impact on certain high-tech sectors of the Russian economy, but Russian counter-sanctions on meat, milk and dairy products, as well as fruits and vegetables "hit" the consumer in the EU countries and Germany. The forecast of trade and economic relations in connection with the upcoming "fifth" package of EU sanctions against the Russian Federation is difficult.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Germany occupied a significant place in trade, economic and investment cooperation with Russia. At the moment, unfounded accusations of Russia that our country is a “threat” to the European Union continue to be unraveled. Germany actively supports the EU in its course towards the introduction of new sanctions measures against the Russian Federation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>санкционная политика</kwd><kwd>сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>торгово-экономические отношения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctions policy</kwd><kwd>cooperation</kwd><kwd>trade and economic relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Umland A. Germany’s Russia policy in light of the Ukraine conflict: interdependence theory and ostpolitik // Orbis. 2022. Vol. 66, is. 1. P. 78‒94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2021.11.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umland A. Germany’s Russia policy in light of the Ukraine conflict: interdependence theory and ostpolitik. Orbis, 2022, vol. 66, is. 1, pp. 78‒94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2021.11.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trung Thanh, Nguyen Manh, Hung Do. Impact of economic sanctions and counter-sanctions on the Russian Federation’s trade // Economic Analysis and Policy. 2021. Vol. 71. P. 267‒278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.05.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trung Thanh, Nguyen Manh, Hung Do. Impact of economic sanctions and counter-sanctions on the Russian Federation’s trade. Economic Analysis and Policy, 2021, vol. 71, pp. 267‒278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.05.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westa Ch. D., Stokelda Е. Europe's cross-border trade, human security and financial connections: A climate risk perspective // Climate Risk Management. 2021. Vol. 34. P. 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westa Ch. D., Stokelda Е. Europe's cross-border trade, human security and financial connections: A climate risk perspective. Climate Risk Management, 2021, vol. 34, pp. 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bělín1a M. Hanousek J. Which sanctions matter? analysis of the EU/russian sanctions of 2014 // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2021. Vol. 49, is. 1. P. 244‒257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2020.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bělín1a M. Hanousek J. Which sanctions matter? analysis of the EU/russian sanctions of 2014. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, vol. 49, is. 1, pp. 244‒257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce. 2020.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Between the hammer and the anvil: the impact of economic sanctions and oil prices on Russia’s ruble / C. Dreger, K. A. Kholodilin, D. Ulbricht, J. Fidrmuc // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2016. Vol. 44, is. 2. P. 295‒308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreger C., Kholodilin K. A., Ulbricht D., Fidrmuc J. Between the hammer and the anvil: the impact of economic sanctions and oil prices on Russia’s ruble. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2016, vol. 44, is. 2, pp. 295‒308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crozet M., Hinz J. Collateral damage: the impact of the Russia sanctions on sanctioning countries’ exports. URL: https://www.freit.org/WorkingPapers/Papers/PoliticalEconomy/FREIT1126.pdf (дата обращения 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crozet M., Hinz J. Collateral damage: the impact of the russia sanctions on sanctioning countries’ exports. Available at: https://www.freit.org/WorkingPapers/Papers/PoliticalEconomy/FREIT1126.pdf. (accessed 07.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The new deterrent: international sanctions against Russia over the Ukraine crisis Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva / Moret, T. Biersteker, F. Giumelli, C. Portela, M. Veber, D. Jarosz, C. Bobocea // International Relations/Political Science Academic year 2020-2021 International sanctions in a shifting geopolitical order RI-SP117 - Printemps - 3 ECTS. URL: https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/sites/internet/files/2021-01/SP117.pdf (дата обращения: 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moret, Biersteker T., Giumelli F., Portela C., Veber M., Jarosz D., Bobocea C. The new deterrent: international sanctions against russia over the Ukraine crisis Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. International Relations/Political Science Academic year 2020-2021 International sanctions in a shifting geopolitical order RI-SP117. Printemps - 3 ECTS. Available at: https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/sites/internet/files/2021-01/SP117.pdf. (accessed 07.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romanova Т. Russia's political discourse on the EU’s energy transition (2014–2019) and its effect on EU-Russia energy relations // Energy Policy. 2021. Vol. 154. P. 112309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova Т. Russia's political discourse on the EU’s energy transition (2014–2019) and its effect on EU-Russia energy relations. Energy Policy, 2021, vol. 154, pp. 112309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральное статистическое управление Германии (Statistisches Bundesamt). URL: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Home/_inhalt.html (дата обращения: 05.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal'noe statisticheskoe upravlenie Germanii (Statistisches Bundesamt) [Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Statistisches Bundesamt)]. Available at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Home/_inhalt.html (accessed 05.02.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Годовой отчет Федерального министерства по экономике и климату Германии (Jahreswirtschaftsbericht 2021). URL: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Wirtschaft/jahreswirtschaftsbericht-2021.html (дата обращения: 06.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godovoi otchet Federal'nogo ministerstva po ekonomike i klimatu Germanii (Jahreswirtschaftsbericht 2021) [Annual report of the German Federal Ministry for the Economy and Climate (Jahreswirtschaftsbericht 2021)]. Available at: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Wirtschaft/jahreswirtschaftsbericht-2021.html. (accessed 06.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Платформа бизнес-данных №1 (Statista.de). URL: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/291062/umfrage/deutsche-exporte-nach-russland (дата обращения: 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Platforma biznes-dannykh №1 (Statista.de) [Business Data Platform No. 1 (Statista.de)]. Available at: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/291062/umfrage/deutsche-exporte-nach-russland. (accessed 07.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Статистика внешней торговли России. URL: https://ru-stat.com/date-Y2013-2018/RU/trade/DE (дата обращения: 06.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statistika vneshnei torgovli Rossii [Statistics of foreign trade of Russia]. Available at: https://rustat.com/date-Y2013-2018/RU/trade/DE. (accessed 06.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MDR (Германия): как функционирует торговля с Россией за пределами нефти и газа. URL: https://inosmi.ru/20210507/249679673.html (дата обращения: 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MDR (Germaniya): kak funktsioniruet torgovlya s Rossiei za predelami nefti i gaza [MDR (Germany): how trade with Russia works outside of oil and gas]. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/20210507/249679673.html. (accessed 07.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экспорт-импорт России за 2020 г. URL: https://russian-trade.com/reports-and-reviews/2021- 02/torgovlya-mezhdu-rossiey-i-germaniey-v-2020-g/ (дата обращения: 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eksport-import Rossii za 2020 g. [Export-import of Russia for 2020]. Available at: https://russian-trade.com/reports-and-reviews/2021-02/torgovlya-mezhdu-rossiey-i-germaniey-v- 2020-g/. (accessed 07.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глава МИД ФРГ объяснила приостановку сертификации «Северного потока-2». URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2021/12/13/900320-glava-mid-frg-obyasnila-priostanovkusertifikatsii-severnogo-potoka (дата обращения: 06.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glava MID FRG ob"yasnila priostanovku sertifikatsii "Severnogo potoka-2" [The German Foreign Minister explained the suspension of the Nord Stream 2 certification]. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2021/12/13/900320-glava-mid-frg-obyasnila-priostanovkusertifikatsii-severnogo-potoka. (accessed 02/06/2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российско-германская рабочая группа по стратегическому сотрудничеству (СРГ) в области экономики и финансов. URL: https://russland.ahk.de/ru/mediacentr/novosti/detail/rossiiskogermanskaja-rabochaja-gruppa-po-strategicheskomu-sotrudnichestvu-srg-v-oblasti-ehkonomiki-ifinansov (дата обращения: 07.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossiisko-Germanskaya rabochaya gruppa po strategicheskomu sotrudnichestvu (SRG) v oblasti ekonomiki i finansov [Russian-German Working Group on Strategic Cooperation (SWG) in the field of economics and finance]. Available at: https://russland.ahk.de/ru/mediacentr/novosti/detail/rossiiskogermanskaja-rabochaja-gruppa-po-strategicheskomu-sotrudnichestvu-srg-v-oblasti-ehkonomiki-ifinansov. (accessed 02/07/2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимир Путин принял решение о проведении спецоперации на Донбассе. URL: https://www.garant.ru/news/1528977/ (дата обращения: 24.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimir Putin prinyal reshenie o provedenii spetsoperatsii na Donbasse [Vladimir Putin decided to conduct a special operation in the Donbass]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/news/1528977/. (accessed 24.02.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прошина Е. Четвертый пакет санкций: какие ограничения ввел ЕС против РФ. URL: https://finance.rambler.ru/economics/48303463/?utm_content=finance_media&amp;utm_medium=read_more &amp;utm_source=copylink (дата обращения: 15.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proshina E. Chetvertyi paket sanktsii: kakie ogranicheniya vvel ES protiv RF [The fourth package of sanctions: what restrictions the EU introduced against the Russian Federation]. Available at: https://finance.rambler.ru/economics/48303463/?utm_content=finance_media&amp;utm_medium=read_more &amp;utm_source=copylink. (accessed 15.03.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санкции против России. URL: https://emigrating.ru/29-03-2022-sanktsii-protiv-rossii/ (дата обращения: 29.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanktsii protiv Rossii [Sanctions against Russia]. Available at: https://emigrating.ru/29-03-2022-sanktsii-protiv-rossii/. (accessed 29.03.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Путин объявил о переходе на рублевые расчеты за российский газ. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/news/2022/03/23/914829-putin-o-perehode-na-rublevie-raschetiza-rossiiskii-gaz (дата обращения: 23.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putin ob"yavil o perekhode na rublevye raschety za rossiiskii gaz [Putin announced the transition to ruble payments for Russian gas]. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/news/2022/03/23/914829-putin-o-perehode-na-rublevie-rascheti-za-rossiiskii-gaz. (accessed 23.032022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
