Current State and Prospects of Development of the Self-Employed Market

   Relevance. The ongoing transformational processes of economic systems, the development of IT technologies, communications, and cryptogenologies contribute to the development of innovative forms of labor organization and their types. There is a revaluation of the cost of labor, a change in the conditions of its employment, the structure of the labor market is changing due to non-standard forms of employment and employment, respectively, all this has a significant impact not only on the economic, but also on the social component of society. It should be noted that one of the most widespread and dynamically developing forms of employment in the labor market today is "self-employment", which requires in-depth study in the context of global changes.

   The purpose is the study involves an analysis of the current situation of non-standard forms of employment, in particular the category of "self-employment".

   Objectives: to consider the main trends in the self-employed labor market; to identify factors contributing to the rapid growth of the number of self-employed.

   Methodology: logical and systematic analysis of information sources in the field of self-employment development; expert opinion and personal observations; content analysis of Russian social networks.

   Results: an assessment of the impact of the digital economy on the development of the labor market, changes in its structure, forms of employment is given, a range of problems and opportunities related to state employment assistance is outlined.

   Conclusions. Current trends and future prospects for employment development in the context of labor market transformation are associated with an increase in the number of self-employed both abroad and in the Russian Federation. And the ongoing transformations significantly affect the change in the structure of labor relations and their digitalization. Therefore, in order to ensure positive dynamics in the labor market, it is necessary to integrate research on self-employment in economics, labor law, sociology and psychology.

1. Shibarshina O. Y. Sravnitel'nyi analiz regulirovaniya samozanyatosti v Rossii i za rubezhom [Comparative analysis of self-employment regulation in Russia and abroad]. Ekonomika truda = Labor Economics, 2021, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1223‒1236. doi: 10.18334/et.8.10.113583

2. Pravkina Ya. Yu. Sotsiologicheskii analiz distantsionnogo truda kak innovatsionnoi formy zanyatosti sovremennoi molodezhi [Sociological analysis of distance labor as an innovative form of employment for modern youth]. Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i innovatsii = Modern Scientific Research and Innovations, 2012, no. 4, p. 1.

3. Ludanik M. V. Distantsionnaya zanyatost' v Rossii: perspektivy razvitiya i problemy regulirovaniya [Distance employment in Russia: development prospects and regulatory issues]. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii = The Standard of Living of the Population of the Regions of Russia, 2007, vol. 8‒9, no. 114‒115, pp. 71‒86.

4. Guide to private employment agencies. Regulation, monitoring and enforcement Geneva, International Labour Office, 2007. Available at: https://docplayer.net/11939217-Guide-to-private-employment-agencies-regulation-monitoring-and-enforcement.html (accessed 12. 09. 2023).

5. Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/ (accessed 12. 09. 2023).

6. Kopteva Zh. Yu., Tomakova I. A., Piyaltsev A. I. Kadry kak pokazatel' innovatsionnogo razvitiya regionov Rossii [Personnel as an indicator of innovative development of Russian regions]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. Sotsiologiya. Menedzhment = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics, Sociology and Management, 2021, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 193‒203. EDN YMJRIK

7. Nestandartnaya zanyatost' v rossiiskoi ekonomike [Non-standard employment in the Russian economy]; ed. by V. E. Gimpelson, R. I. Kapelyushnikov. Moscow, Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2006. 400 p.

8. Orlova E. E. Nastoyashchee i budushchee paradigmy rasshireniya vozmozhnostei sodeistviya zanyatosti naseleniya [Present and future paradigms of expanding employment opportunities]. Pravo: istoriya i sovremennost' = Law: History and Modernity, 2022, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 499‒508. doi: 10.17277/pravo.2022.04.pp.499-508

9. O provedenii eksperimenta po ustanovleniyu spetsial'nogo nalogovogo rezhima "Nalog na professional'nyi dokhod" [On conducting an experiment to establish a special tax regime "Tax on professional income"]. Federal Law of November 27, 2018 № 422-FZ. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_311977/. (accessed 16. 09. 2023)

10. Federal'naya nalogovaya sluzhba [Federal Tax Service]. Available at: https://taxes.rosfines.ru/ (accessed 16. 09. 2023)

11. Vidy deyatel'nosti samozanyatykh v 2023: chto izmenilos' za god [Types of self-employed activities in 2023: what has changed over the year]. Available at: https://www.klerk.ru/user/2134409/566439/ (accessed 16. 09. 2023)

12. Issledovanie Tin'koff i Ozon: za god kolichestvo samozanyatykh prodavtsov na marketpleisakh vyroslo v 3 raza [Research by Tinkoff and Ozon: the number of self-employed sellers on marketplaces has increased 3 times over the year]. Available at: https://www.tinkoff.ru/about/news/25052023-tinkoff-and-ozon-study-number-of-self-employed-sellers-on-marketplaces-has-tripled-in-year/ (accessed 16. 09. 2023)

13. Belenky A. Pervyi trillion: kak rastut dokhody samozanyatykh [The first trillion: how the incomes of the self-employed are growing]. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/opinions/own_business/18/04/2023/643d30309a7947a791f116f8 (accessed 11. 09. 2023)

14. Aksenenko M. Y. Problemnye aspekty i perspektivy razvitiya instituta samozanyatosti v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Problematic aspects and prospects of development of the Institute of self-employment in the Russian Federation]. Flagman nauki = Flagship of Science, 2023, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1‒6.

15. Gerasimenko O. A. Rossiiskii eksperiment nalogooblozheniya samozanyatykh: effektivnost' i perspektivy [The Russian experiment of taxation of the self-employed: efficiency and prospects]. Estestvenno-gumanitarnye issledovaniya = Natural Sciences and Humanities Research, 2023, vol. 4, no. 48, pp. 393‒398.

16. Pokida A. N. Pravovoe soznanie samozanyatykh grazhdan [Legal consciousness of self-employed citizens]. Vlast' = Power, 2019, no. 2, pp. 176‒183.

17. Pokida A. N., Zybunovskaya N. V., Gazieva I. A. Razvitie samozanyatosti na sovremennom rynke truda [Development of self-employment in the modern labor market]. Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii = The Economic Development of Russia, 2022, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 56‒63.

18. Sektor IKT v Rossii [The ICT sector in Russia]. Available at: https://issek.hse.ru/news/227732702.html (accessed 15. 09. 2023)

19. Chernykh N. V. Trud samozanyatykh – novaya li forma netipichnoi zanyatosti? [Self–employed labor ‒ is it a new form of atypical employment?]. Aktual'nye problemy rossiiskogo prava = Actual Problems of Russian Law, 2021, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 98‒108.

20. Smorodina E. P., Zinchenko D. R., Burtsev R. D., Netrebin A. E. K voprosu o samozanyatykh grazhdanakh kak sub"ektakh predprinimatel'skoi deyatel'nosti [On the issue of self-employed citizens as subjects of entrepreneurial activity]. Tsifrovaya i otraslevaya ekonomika = Digital and Sectoral Economics, 2023, no. 2 (30), pp. 98‒104.