The Phenomenon of Human State Existence in the Context of Philosophical and Legal Thought of Western European Civilization

Relevance. This article is devoted to the study of the relationship between human nature and the state as a form of its expression. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that since the beginning of the XXI century there has been a tendency for the state as a form and way of being of a person to be squeezed out by transnational corporations. Meanwhile, the nature and essence of a transnational corporation differs from the nature and essence of a State, primarily in an anthropological sense.

Purpose. The purpose of the presented work is to study the process of development of philosophical and legal thought in the direction of analyzing the anthropological meaning of the state and law.

Objectives. The objectives of the article are to analyze the philosophical relationship between anthropological and legal thought at various stages of the development of European civilization: 1) in the era of Antiquity; 2) the Middle Ages; 3) Modern times; 4) Modern times, including modernity.

Methodology. The comparative method, analysis and synthesis served as the methodological basis of this article. At the same time, the analysis of this topic took place in the historical and philosophical plane, which reflected some aspects of the evolution of philosophical and legal thought. The emphasis was placed on Western European philosophy, since a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical understanding of the relationship between man and the state in different cultural traditions is impossible in one article.

Results. The author pays special attention to natural law, emphasizing its direct derivation from human nature. An anthropological crisis can lead to the degeneration of natural law, which will predispose states to disintegration. As a matter of fact, already relative to the time of the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, it is appropriate to state the gap between natural and positive law, which, although smoothed by some measures, for example, the ban on the death penalty, but in general continues to worsen.

Conclusions. State policy should take into account spiritual values, which is a form of the state's concern for itself, since it is impossible to preserve national unity without a developed culture.

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