Higher School of Russia: a New Stage of Reform

   Relevance. Education as a sphere of society's life is a source of accumulation of human intellectual capital. The result of the transition of Russian universities to the Bologna system was a decrease in the quality of higher education and a discrepancy between the structure of training students for the demands of the labor market of specialists and the needs of the modern period of transition to a knowledge economy. Today, higher education in Russia is on the verge of a new stage of reformation.
   The purpose is to reveal the contours of the new national educational policy of Russia in the emerging geopolitical reality and transforming economic conditions.
   Objectives: to analyze the current state of training specialists in Russian higher education, to systematize the advantages and disadvantages of teaching students by levels of higher education within the Bologna system, to justify the need to make changes to the regulatory legal framework and the practice of universities.
   Methodology. Systemic and historical approaches, methods of induction and deduction, content analysis, comparisons and expert assessments were applied.
   Results. The study showed the key role of education in the reproduction of human potential. Analysis of information on admission to universities and the structure of graduation of specialists by levels of higher education during the work of higher education according to the Bologna system, and the study of experts' opinions on the situation on the labor market revealed the presence of problem areas in student education, as a result of which it became necessary to revise the methodological and practical issues of training highly qualified personnel. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the mechanism of state regulation in the field of higher professional education are substantiated.
   Conclusions. The new stage of reforming higher education is aimed at achieving a higher quality of higher education received in Russian universities, training highly qualified specialists to meet the needs of the regions and the demands of high-tech sectors of the national economy. The use of a systematic approach in the formation of a new educational policy will benefit Russia and other friendly countries - members of international integration unions.

1. Bodrunov S. D., Voeykov M. I. Gosudarstvo, noonomika i postklassicheskaja politjekonomija [The state, noonomy and postclassical political economy]. Voprosy politicheskoi ekonomii = Problems in Political Economy, 2021, no. 4 (28), pp. 22-37.

2. Abalkin L. I. Problemy sovremennoj Rossii [Problems of modern Russia]. Moscow, Institute of Economics RAS, 2011. 907 p.

3. Aganbegjan A. G. Chelovecheskij kapital i ego glavnaja sostavljajushhaja – sfera "jekonomiki znanij" kak osnovnoj istochnik social'no-jekonomicheskogo rosta [Human capital and its main component ‒ the sphere of the "knowledge economy" as the main source of socio-economic growth]. Jekonomicheskie strategii = Economic Strategies, 2017, no. 3, pp. 66-79.

4. Smolin O. N. Obrazovanie – dlja vseh. Filosofija. Jekonomika. Politika. Zakonodatel'stvo [Education is for everyone. Philosophy. Economy. Politics. Legislation]. 2nd ed. Moscow, Akademkniga Publ., 2014. 1120 p.

5. Olimpia N. Disparities regarding competitiveness, human capital and inclusive development in the EU: A cluster analysis. Annals of Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 2019, no. 1, pp. 61–71.

6. Ivanov O. I. Chelovecheskij potencial (formirovanie, razvitie, ispol'zovanie) [Human potential (formation, development, use)]. St. Petersburg, Scythia-print Publ., 2013. 336 р.

7. Fedotov A. A. Kachestvo zhizni i chelovecheskij potencial v koncepcijah ustojchivogo i chelovecheskogo razvitija (chast' vtoraja) [Quality of life and human potential in the concepts of sustainable and human development (Part 2)]. Narodonaselenie = Population, 2021, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 42-50. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.4

8. Anikin V. A. Chelovecheskiy kapital: stanovlenie kontseptsii i osnovnye traktovki [Human Capital: Genesis of Basic Concepts and Interpretations]. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya = Journal of Economic Sociology, 2017, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 120–156. https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2017-4-120-156

9. Fedotov A. A. Kachestvo zhizni i chelovecheskij potencial v koncepcijah ustojchivogo i chelovecheskogo razvitija (chast' pervaja) [Quality of life and human potential in the concepts of sustainable and human development (Part 1)]. Narodonaselenie = Population, 2021, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 53-65. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.5

10. Roberts S. The Eurasian Economic Union: The Geopolitics of Authoritarian Cooperation. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2017, vol. 58, is. 4, pp. 418-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2017.1415763

11. Hasbulatov R. I. Cifrovizacija, roboty, iskusstvennyj intellekt (II) i sovremennost': teoretikometodologicheskij aspect [Digitalization, robots, artificial intelligence (AI) and modernity: theoretical and methodological aspect]. Cifrovaja jekonomika = Digital Economy, 2020, no. 11 (3), pp. 5-14. https://doi.org/10.34706/DE-2020-03-01

12. Eskindarov M. A., Gruzina Yu. M., Firsova I. A., Melnichuk M. V. Kompetencii chelovecheskogo kapitala v vysokotehnologichnyh i naukoemkih otrasljah jekonomiki [Human capital competencies in high-tech and knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy]. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz = Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 2020, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 199–214. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2020.6.72.12

13. Al-Ghazali A. S. A. Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Basic R&D During the Period of Transition to Post-Industrial Knowledge Economy. Access to Science, Business, Innovation in Digital Economy, 2021, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 103‒115. https://doi.org/10.46656/access.2021.2.1(8)

14. Naraeva A., Kurilova A. Vo vse rossijskie vuzy vernetsja specialitet [Specialist will return to all Russian universities]. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/articles/2022/05/24/923454-vo-vsevuzi-vernetsya-spetsialitet. (accessed 17.05.2022)

15. Gokhberg L. M., Zabaturina I. Yu., Kovaleva N. V., eds. Indikatory obrazovanija: 2016. Statisticheskij sbornik [Indicators of education: 2016. Statistical collection]. Moscow, National Research University "Higher School of Economics" Publ., 2016. 320 p.

16. Bondarenko N. V., Gokhberg L. M., Kuznetsova V. I., eds. Indikatory obrazovanija: 2021. Statisticheskij sbornik [Indicators of education: 2021. Statistical collection]. Moscow, National Research University "Higher School of Economics" Publ., 2021. 508 p.

17. Rossijskij statisticheskij ezhegodnik. 2021 [Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2021]. Moscow, Rosstat Publ., 2021. 692 p.

18. Sergej Ivanov opisal novyj transportnyj koridor frazoj "nas ne dogonish'" [Sergei Ivanov described the new transport corridor with the phrase "you can't catch up with us"]. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/07/2022/62beb6899a794769f5554398. (accessed 17.05.2022)

19. Khubiev K. A. Prichiny otkaza ot Bolonskoj sistemy obrazovanija i puti postroenija svoej [Reasons for abandoning the Bologna system of education and ways to build your own]. Available at: https://rossaprimavera.ru/article/86215c87. (accessed 17.05.2022)

20. Bastrykin poruchil prekratit' priem studentov v magistraturu v vuzah SKR [Bastrykin instructed to stop the admission of students to the master's program at the universities of the Investigative Committee of Russia]. Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5445438?utm_source=yxnews&utm_ medium=desktop. (accessed 17.05.2022)

21. Rektor MGU Viktor Sadovnichij predlozhil ochertanija nacional'noj rossijskoj sistemy obrazovanija [Rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy proposed the outlines of the national Russian education system]. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/articles/2022/06/02/924920-sadovnichii-sistemi-obrazovaniya. (accessed 17.05.2022)

22. Rossijskie vuzy gotovjatsja k uhodu iz Bolonskogo prostranstva [Russian universities are preparing to leave the Bologna area]. Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/articles/2022/05/30/924359-rossiiskie-vuzi-uhodu-bolonskogo. (accessed 17.05.2022)