Current state of grain production in the Russian Federation and promising areas of development

Relevance. The Russian Federation is one of the largest grain producers in the world, demonstrating stable growth in yields, gross production and exports of grain crops in the last decade.

The purpose is to analyze the current state of grain production both in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the context of its federal districts. Individual indicators are presented by the leading regions in grain production.

Objectives: to study the factors that have determined the current situation in the grain sector of the country, as well as to consider the most pressing challenges and promising directions for the development of the grain industry in the country; to explore the directions of development of the grain industry, the introduction of new technologies and increasing the competitiveness of Russian grain on the world market. An important feature of the article is the study of the dynamics of grain yields and production volumes not only in recent years, but also in dynamics since 1950, which made it possible to compare the results of the current state of the industry with the pre-reform period.

Methodology. The methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods of comparing economic phenomena and processes, methods of abstraction, generalization of analyzed economic information are used.

Results: the results of the impact of government programs to support and attract investment in the grain industry are summarized; special attention is paid to the urgent challenges of the future facing the Russian grain sector, in particular, the renewal of the material and technical base, improvement of the grain storage system and its logistics.

Conclusions. The final part of the article explains the necessary directions in the development of grain production in the country, aimed at improving the production performance of the grain industry, improving the quality of grain produced and increasing export potential.

1. Abramova I.M., Serba E.M. Biotechnological processes in food and feed production. Pishchevaya promyshlennost' = Food Industry. 2019;(4):12¬14. (In Russ.)

2. Perminova E.A. The development of the country does not stop. Zhurnal Byudzhet = Journal Budget. 2023;(2):14¬18. (In Russ.)

3. Balabanov V.K. The most important branches of agriculture: animal husbandry, grain production, food and flour milling; vegetable growing in the Siberian Federal District. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo = Economics and Entrepreneurship. 2023;(3):538¬543. (In Russ.)

4. Altukhov A.I. The main directions of formation and development of specialized high¬tech grain production zones. Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel'skom khozyaistve = Economics, Labor, Management in Agriculture. 2023;(10):7¬16. (In Russ.)

5. Altukhov A.I., Rakhmanov A.M. The main stages and features of transport and logistics chains of Russian grain exports. Ekonomika sel'skogo khozyaistva Rossii = The Economics of Agriculture in Russia. 2022;(10):110¬121. (In Russ.)

6. Generalov I.G. Optimization of the structure of sown areas in the system of strategic directions for the development of grain production in the context of digital transformation. Vestnik NGIEI = Bulletin of the NGIEI. 2023;(5):82¬90. (In Russ.)

7. Generalov I.G. A model of the process of ensuring the economic efficiency of grain production and sale in the farms of the region as a basis for strategic development. Innovatsionnoe razvitie ekonomiki = Innovative Development of the Economy. 2022;(6):27¬33. (In Russ.)

8. Zhidkov S.A., Gasparyan S.V. Problematic aspects of the development of grain seed production. Vestnik Michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2024;(2):161¬165. (In Russ.)

9. Zhidkov S.A. Strategy of integration development of the grain complex of the agroindustrial complex. Vestnik Michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Michurinsky State Agrarian University. 2021;(3):136¬141. (In Russ.)

10. Gulyaeva T.I., Sidorenko O.V., Volobueva T.A. Statistical methods for assessing the stability of productivity dynamics and labor productivity in the grain industry of the Orel region. Finansovaya analitika: problemy i resheniya = Financial Analytics: Problems and Solutions. 2024;17(3):248¬261. (In Russ.)

11. Sidorenko O.V., Shabannikova N.N., Sergeeva S.A., Mikhailova Yu.L. Efficiency of using labor and production potentials in the cultivation of cereals and oilseeds. Vestnik agrarnoi nauki = Bulletin of Agrarian Science. 2023;(1):145¬153. (In Russ.)

12. Suslov S.A., Sibiryaev A.S. Modern challenges and grain production trends. Ekonomika sel'skogo khozyaistva Rossii = The Economics of Agriculture in Russia. 2024;(4):65¬71. (In Russ.)

13. Suslov S.A. Formation of research methodology for sustainable grain production. Vest nik NGIEI = Bulletin of NGIEI. 2022;(5):113¬125. (In Russ.)

14. Historical dynamic series, 2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13396 (accessed 04.09.2024).

15. Gross yields and yields of agricultural crops in the Russian Federation. Part 1. Moscow 2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/13277 (accessed 01.09.2024).

16. Regions of Russia. Socio¬economic indicators. (In Russ.) Available at: http://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13204 (accessed 29.09.2024).

17. Pashina L.L., Pastushenko S.B., Reimer V.V. Grain market in Russia: the main development trends. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo = Economics and Entrepreneurship. 2023;(9):70¬73. (In Russ.)

18. Agricultural production in 2023 (preliminary data). (In Russ.) Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/13277 (accessed 02.09.2024).

19. Kovalev N.I. Protection cannot be left. Where should I put a comma? Zashchita i ka rantin rastenii = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2022;(8):8¬10. (In Russ.)

20. Konishchev A.A., Garifullin I.I., Konishcheva E.N. Analysis of methods for increasing the productivity of grain crops to reduce the interannual variation of their yield. Agrokhimiya = Agrochemistry. 2024;(2):95¬102. (In Russ.)

21. Dalsky N. Restoration of agricultural machinery ‒ a new life of aggregates! Nashe sel'skoe khozyaistvo = Our Agriculture. 2023;(13):64¬67. (In Russ.)

22. Mizanbekova S.K., Kayyrbaeva A.E., Beisenova G.S. Grain storage and processing: the main trends of the grain market. Problemy agrorynka = Problems of the Agricultural Market. 2023;(4):93¬101. (In Russ.)

23. Ukolova V.V. Analysis of grain sales markets and promising directions of grain exports. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya = Trends in the Development of Science and Education. 2023;(97¬12):188¬191. (In Russ.)

24. Tsutsiev M.A. New vectors of Russian exports. Zhurnal Byudzhet = Journal Budget. 2022;(11):14¬15. (In Russ.)

25. The State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food. (In Russ.) Available at: http://government.ru/rugovclassifier/815/events/ (accessed 02.09.2024).

26. Shulaev G., Milushev R., Engovatov V. Feed concentrates from vegetable protein. Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii-Animal Husbandry of Russia. 2019;(S2):29¬30. (In Russ.)

27. Smirnov V.V., Tubalets A.A., Tolmachev A.V. Issues of grain product quality management. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo = Economics and Entrepreneurship. 2019;(1):858¬862. (In Russ.)