Analysis of Foreign and Domestic Experience of Indicator Measurement of Criminalization of the Economy

Relevance. The article provides a comparative analysis of the indicator measurement of the level of criminalization of the economy in Russia and foreign countries, compares the measurement methods, the empirical data obtained, on the basis of which recommendations are formed for improving the methods of measuring economic indicators.
The purpose of the study is to improve the existing tools for indicator measurement of the level of criminalization of the economy, taking into account the actual spread of this phenomenon, which will improve the diagnosis of economic security.
The objectives of the study are to compare the existing methods of measuring the level of criminalization of the economy in Russia and foreign countries, to make proposals for improving the domestic methodology for measuring this phenomenon.
Methodology.The basis of the research was the theoretical work of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field of economics and criminology. Based on the analysis carried out, as well as previous scientific author's developments, the directions for improving existing methods for measuring the level of criminalization of the economy are proposed. When conducting a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience of indicator measurement of criminalization of the economy, methods of analysis and synthesis were used, the coefficient method was used to calculate the advance coefficient, reflecting the dynamics of economic crime in Russia, tabular and graphical methods were used in the compilation of tables and figures.
Results. The differences in the methods of measuring the level of criminalization of the economy in Russia and foreign countries are revealed, which ultimately affects statistical indicators. Using the advance coefficient, an increase in economic crime of almost all indicator indicators measured abroad has been established, as opposed to domestic statistical data showing negative dynamics in this direction. Based on the identified contradictions, the analysis of regulatory documents and economic indicators, specific measures are proposed to improve the existing measurement methods.
Conclusions. For the existing domestic system of measuring the indicator "the level of crime in the economy", the analysis of foreign experience is very valuable, since the presented materials and calculations give management bodies the opportunity to apply theoretical developments in practice to carry out a set of organizational measures aimed at improving the domestic mechanism for ensuring economic security.

1. O strategii ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 208 of May 13, 2017 "On the Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030"]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_216629/. (accessed 20.07.2021)

2. O strategii natsional'noi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 400 of July 02, 2021 "On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation"] Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_38927/. (accessed 20.07.2021)

3. Bykovskaya Yu. V. Problemy finansovogo kontrolya v sovremennoi Rossii i puti ikh resheniya [Problems of financial control in modern Russia and ways to solve them]. Vestnik ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti = Bulletin of Economic Security, 2019, no. 1, pp. 202–209.

4. Mailyan S. S. O nekotorykh aspektakh ekonomicheskoi sushchnosti gosudarstvennykh korporatsii [On some aspects of the economic essence of state corporations]. Vestnik ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti = Bulletin of Economic Security, 2019, no. 4, рp. 314–317.

5. Minakov A. V. Analiz byudzhetno-nalogovoi bezopasnosti regionov Rossii [Analysis of budget and tax security of the regions of Russia]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii im. V. Ya. Kikotya = Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. Ya. Kikotya, 2019, no. 4, рp. 249–252.

6. Seifullayeva M. E. Mezhdunarodnyi marketing [International marketing]. Moscow, UNITYDANA Publ., 2012. 319 p.

7. Sidorenko A. S. Formirovanie porogovykh znachenii indikativnykh pokazatelei natsional'noi ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti [Formation of threshold values of indicative indicators of national economic security]. Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Bryansk State Technical University, 2016, no. 5(53), рp. 291–296.

8. Tskhadadze N. V. Liberalizatsiya mezhdunarodnykh finansovykh rynkov v usloviyakh global'nykh i lokal'nykh transformatsii [Liberalization of international financial markets in the context of global and local transformations]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii = Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2018, no. 3, рp. 253–256.

9. Entorf H., Spengler H. Socio-economic and demographic factors of crime in Germany: Evidence from panel data of the German states. International Review of Law and Economics, 2000, vol. 20 (1), рp. 75–106.

10. Ehrlich I. Participation in illegitimate activities – a theoretical and empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy, 1973, vol.81, no. 3, рp. 521–565.

11. Zhang J. The impact of social security programs on criminal behavior: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Economic research, 1997, vol. 35 (1), рp. 120–137.

12. Sutherland E.H. White Collar Crime. New York, Dryden Press, 1949. 277 p.

13. Schneider G. Y. Kriminologiya [Criminology]; ed. by L. O. Ivanov. Moscow, Progress-Univers Publ., 1994. 504 р.

14. Yuryev V. M. Prestupnost' v sfere finansovo-kreditnoi deyatel'nosti kak antisotsial'noe yavlenie: problemy teorii i pravoprimeneniya [Crime in the sphere of financial and credit activity as an antisocial phenomenon: problems of theory and law enforcement]. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki. Pravo = Bulletin of the Tambov University. Humanities. Right, 2011, no. 4 (96), рp. 296– 302.

15. Kudryavtsev A. V. Aktual'nye problemy indikatornogo izmereniya kriminalizatsii finansovokhozyaistvennoi deyatel'nosti kommercheskikh organizatsii [Actual problems of the indicator measuring the criminalization of financial and economic activities of commercial organizations]. Izvestiya Sankt- Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, 2020, no. 5 (125), рp. 257–261.

16. Kvashis V. E., Henrikh N. V. Sravnitel'nyi analiz latentnoi prestupnosti v Rossii i zarubezhnykh stranakh: problemy metodologii i metodiki [Comparative analysis of latent crime in Russia and foreign countries:problems of methodology and methodology]. Vestnik Krasnodarskogo universiteta MVD Rossii = Bulletin of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2017, no. 2 (36), рp. 17–21.

17. Konovalenko S. A., Panin D. A., Trofimov M. N. Moshennichestvo v kreditno-finansovoi sfere: zarubezhnyi opyt [Fraud in the credit and financial sphere: foreign experience]. Akademicheskaya mysl' = Academic thought, 2019, no. 2(7), рp. 72–76.

18. Latov Yu. V. Ekonomicheskie determinanty prestupnosti v zarubezhnykh stranakh (obzor kriminometricheskikh issledovanii) [Economic determinants of crime in foreign countries (review of criminometric studies)]. Journal of institutional Studies (zhurnal institutsional'nykh issledovanii) = Journal of institutional Studies (Journal of Institutional research), 2011, vol. 3, no. 1, рp. 133–149.

19. Kudryavtsev A. V., Babkin A.V., Litvinenko A. N. Indikatory kriminalizatsii ekonomiki v sisteme monitoringa ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti Rossii. [Indicators of criminalization of the economy in the monitoring system of economic security of Russia]. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti Sankt- Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta = Nauchno-tekhnicheskie Vedomosti Sankt-Petersburg state University of Economics, 2020, no. 6, рp. 91–100.

20. Jerry H. R. Crime mapping and the training needs of law Enforcement. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 2004, no. 10 (4), рp. 65–83.

21. Lesnikov G. Yu. Zarubezhnyi opyt ispol'zovaniya shtatnykh kriminologov v deyatel'nosti politsii [Foreign experience of using full-time criminologists in the activities of the police: a scientific and practical guide]. Moscow, Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2011. 57 р.