The Impact of the Pandemic on the Business Sector of the Russian Economy: Conclusions for the Economic Policy of Post-Crisis Recovery

   The relevance of the study is due to the need to search for effective instruments of state economic policy that can bring the business sector out of recession as a result of the negative impact of the pandemic.
   The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the pandemic on the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia, as well as to substantiate the instruments of state economic policy aimed at supporting the business sector at the stage of post-crisis recovery.
   The objectives of the study are to analyze changes in individual indicators of business structures in the conditions of a pandemic, to reveal the limitations and problems of business development that have formed, as well as to develop effective economic policy tools aimed at ensuring the post-crisis recovery of business structures in Russia. Methodology. The research is based on the use of the method of theoretical analysis, economic and statistical analysis, comparative analysis, graphical method, as well as a systematic approach.
   Results. The authors revealed the features of the impact of the pandemic on the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia, including the reasons for the decline in entrepreneurial activity during the pandemic. The article analyzes the dynamics of socio-economic indicators of business structures and concludes that there is a negative impact of the pandemic on the development of the business sector. The analysis made it possible to present the author's vision of effective measures of state economic policy aimed at post-crisis restoration of the activity of business structures.
   Conclusions. The impact of the pandemic crisis on the business sector of the Russian economy has been assessed, negative trends have been identified. Tax, financial and organizational measures are proposed that can have a stimulating effect on business structures during the post-crisis recovery period.

1. Galieva G., Mirgorod E., Alekhina O., Khashir B., Beilina A. Anti-Crisis technologies for improving the efficiency of the organization's personnel management. Towards an Increased Security: Green Innovations, Intellectual Property Protection and Information Security. ISC 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham, Springer, 2022, vol. 372, pp. 887-896. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93155-1_95

2. Karpunina E., Moskovtceva L., Zabelina O., Zubareva N., Tsykora A. Socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on OECD countries. Current problems of the world economy and international trade, Research in Economic Anthropology. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022, pp. 103-114.

3. Karpunina E., Butova L., Sobolevskaya T., Badokina E., Pliusnina O. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of Russian national economy sectors: analysis of dynamics and search for stabilization measures. Proceeding of the 37th IBIMA Conference, 1-2 April 2021. Cordoba, 2021, pp. 1213-1226.

4. Obzor ob "Osnovah upravleniya pandemiej" dlya pravitel'stv v bor'be s novym koronavirusom (COVID-19) na 21 god [Review of the "Fundamentals of pandemic Management" for governments in the fight against the new coronavirus (COVID-19) for 21 years]. Available at: https://www.pwccn.com/en/issues-based/covid-19/blue-paper.pdf. (accessed 14.04.2022)

5. Obzor mezhdunarodnoj praktiki podderzhki ekonomiki i naseleniya v usloviyah bor'by s pandemiej koronavirusa v Armenii, Velikobritanii, Germanii, Danii, Ispanii, Italii, Kazahstane, Kitae, Niderlandah, SShA, Finlyandii, Francii, Shvecii, Yuzhnoj Koree, Yaponii [Review of the international practice of supporting the economy and the population in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic in Armenia, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Kazakhstan, China, the Netherlands, USA, Finland, France, Sweden, South Korea, Japan]. Available at: https://isp.hse.ru. (accessed 14.04.2022)

6. Gimpel'son V. E, Kapelyushnikov R. I. Rynok truda pod natiskom koronavirusa [The labor market is under the onslaught of the coronavirus]. Available at: https://www.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/369698959.pdf. (accessed 14.04.2022)

7. Mihajlov A., Fedulov V. Vliyanie pandemii COVID-19 na rossijskij rynok truda [The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Russian labor market]. Moskovskij ekonomicheskij zhurnal = Moscow Economic Journal, 2020, no.11, pp. 597-604.

8. Karpunina E., Zabelina O., Galieva G., Melyakova E., Melnikova Y. Epidemic threats and their impact on the economic security of the state. Proceeding of the 35th IBIMA Conference. 1-2 April 2020. Seville, 2020, pp. 7671-7682.

9. Korolyuk E., Rustamova I., Kuzmenko N., Khashir B., Karpunina E. Diagnostics of regional economic security problems during the 2020 crisis. Proceeding of the 37th IBIMA Conference, 1-2 April 2021. Cordoba, 2021, pp. 5248-5257.

10. Logisticheskie trendy 2020–2021 goda: vliyanie pandemii COVID-19 na perevozki [Logistic trends of 2020-2021: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the transportation]. Available at: https://www.retail.ru/articles/logisticheskie-trendy-2020-2021-goda-vliyanie-pandemii-covid-19-naperevozki/. (accessed 14.04.2022)

11. PMI data are released monthly, in advance of comparable official economic data. Available at: https://www.markiteconomics.com/Public/Release/PressReleases?language=en. (accessed 14.04.2022)

12. Eksperty predskazali prosrochku pochti 20% kreditov malomu biznesu [Experts forecasts delinquency of almost 20% of loans for small business]. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/finances/02/04/2020/5e8452a99a794743698def2. (accessed 14.04.2022)

13. Prognoz kreditovaniya malogo i srednego biznesa v Rossii na 2021 god: vyzhivshie [The forecast of lending of small and medium business in Russia on 2021: survivors]. Available at: https://raexpert.ru/researches/banks/msb_2021/#:~:text=Zadolzhennost'%20sub"ektov%20malogo%20i%20srednego,%25%20i%2014%20%25%20. (accessed 14.04.2022)

14. Problemy v biznese v period pandemii: vygodnee prodat' ego ili stat' bankrotom? [Problems in business in the pandemic period: it is more profitable to sell it or become bankrupt]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/ia/opinion/author/postanyuk/1401376/. (accessed 14.04.2022)

15. Zakonno li snizhenie zarplaty iz-za koronavirusa? [Is it legal to reduce wages due to coronavirus]. Available at: https://urist-consult.com/snizhenie-zarplaty-iz-za-koronavirusa.html. (accessed 14.04.2022)

16. Strelnikova T., Klimentova E., Piven I., Starodubtceva A., IvinskayaI. The Impact of the COVID-19 Recession on the Russian Labor Market. Digital Technologies and Institutions for Sustainable Development, Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation - IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development. Springer, 2022.

17. Klyuchevskaya N. Rabota bez "zarplatnogo karantina": vyplaty v usloviyah koronavirusa [Work without salary quarantine: payments in the conditions of coronavirus]. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/news/1332790/. (accessed 14.04.2022)

18. Trudovye resursy [Labor resources]. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/labour_force?print=1. (accessed 14.04.2022)

19. V 2020 godu zakrylos' v 2,4 raza bol'she biznesov, chem otkrylos' [In 2020, 2 times more businesses closed than opened]. Available at: https://www.klerk.ru/buh/news/509680/. (accessed 14.04.2022)

20. Prognozy social'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Forecasts of socio-economic development]. Available at: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/makroec/prognozy_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya/prognoz_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya_rf_na_2021_god_i_na_planovyy_period_2022_i_2023_godov.html. (accessed 14.04.2022)

21. V 2021 godu izmenitsya mnogoe v zakonah dlya malogo i srednego biznesa [In 2021, much will change in the laws for small and medium-sized businesses]. Available at: https://bankstoday.net/lastarticles/v-2021-godu-izmenitsya-mnogoe-v-zakonah-dlya-malogo-i-srednego-biznesa-rasskazyvaem-vsechto-vazhno-znat#i-21. (accessed 14.04.2022)

22. Obzor ob "Osnovah upravleniya pandemiej" dlya pravitel'stv v bor'be s novym koronavirusom (COVID-19) na 21 god [Overview of the "Fundamentals of Pandemic Management" for governments in the fight against the new corona virus (COVID-19) for 21 years]. Available at: https://www.pwccn.com/en/issues-based/covid-19/blue-paper.pdf. (accessed 14.04.2022)

23. Government and institution measures in response to COVID-19. Available at: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/china-government-and-institution-measures-in-response-tocovid.html. (accessed 14.04.2022)