Health as an Indicator of an Employee's Biological Human Capital

   Relevance. Russia is entering the next phase of development, where the importance of not only educational, but also physical abilities of a person is increasing. The latter are increasingly manifested as biological human capital.
   The purpose is to reveal the essence and content of the biological human capital of a modern employee.
   Objectives: to consider various theoretical approaches to the disclosure of the concept of biological human potential and capital, to clarify the author's approach to the disclosure of their modern essence; to analyze some data of the author's sociological research, to identify the characteristics, forms of manifestation and parameters of the assessment of biological human capital; to clarify the mechanisms that ensure the preservation and development of health as a process of accumulation of biological human capital of a modern employee.
   Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is general theoretical methods of analysis, as well as a specific method of sociological survey.
   Results. The theoretical hypothesis that health is a basic parameter of the biological human capital of an employee is confirmed by the results of the analysis of empirical data. Biological human capital initially manifests itself in the level of health of the employee. The economic manifestation of this form of human capital is carried out in the quality and quantity of investments in the preservation of health.
   Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the provisions of sociological theories, the content of the category "biological human capital" has been clarified. The following indicators have been identified for assessing this phenomenon: universal (through diagnostics of the employee's health level), economic (analysis of investments in health preservation); complex (study of the quantity and quality of physical abilities of employees involved in the economic organization); generalizing (identification of trends in the formation and implementation of the health fund, growth/decline of investments aimed at preserving and developing health employee and his family). It is proved that the health of an able‒bodied person is represented in two forms - hereditary and acquired, and is also the main indicator of his biological human capital.

1. Becker G. S. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York, National Bureau of Economic Research, Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1964. 187 p.

2. Bychenko Yu. G. Pokazatel' chelovecheskogo kapitala [Indicator of human capital]. Chelovecheskie resursy = Human Resources, 2000, no. 1, pp. 3-18.

3. Balandina T. M., Pikhtilev A. M. [Social inequality in military collectives]. Sotsial'noe neravenstvo sovremennosti: novaya real'nost' nauchnogo osmysleniya. Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Social inequality of modernity: a new reality of scientific understanding. Materials of the VI International Scientific Conference]; ed. by S. G. Ivchenkov. Saratov, Saratov Source Publ., 2018, pp. 353-357. (In Russ.)

4. Harbison F. H. The Strategy of Human Resources Development in Modernizing Economics. Education and the Economics of Human Capital. London, 1971, pp. 214-247.

5. Becker G. S., Landes W. M., eds. Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment. New York, Columbia University Press for the NBER, 1974. 268 p.

6. Verkhovin V. I. Zatratno-kompensatsionnye modeli trudovogo povedeniya [Cost-compensation models of labor behavior]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya = Sociological Research, 1993, no. 2, pp. 108- 116.

7. Golubeva P. O. Upravlenie chelovecheskim kapitalom predpriyatiya kak vazhnyi istochnik ego razvitiya [Human capital management of an enterprise as an important source of its development]. Available at: http://www.nbene.narod.ru>manage/fmanage7.htm. (accessed 17.06.2022)

8. Bychenko Yu. G., Pihtelev A. M. Razvitie chelovecheskogo potentsiala v otsenkakh voennosluzhashchikh [The development of human potential in the assessments of military personnel]. Vlast' = Power, 2019, no. 1, pp. 209-216.

9. Pikhtelev A. M., Abramov A. P. Sovremennoe sostoyanie urovnya zhizni rossiiskikh voennosluzhashchikh: rezul'taty empiricheskogo issledovaniya [The Current State of the Standard of Living of Russian Military Personnel: Results of an Empirical Study]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. Sotsiologiya. Menedzhment = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics, Sociology and Management, 2021, no. 11(1), рр. 164–175.

10. Pihtelev A. M. Razvitie fizicheskogo potentsiala voennosluzhashchikh [Development of the physical potential of military personnel]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo = Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky, 2019, is. 2 (54), pp. 153- 157.

11. Thurow L. Investment in Human Capital. Wadsworth Series in Labor Economics and Industrial Relations. Belmont, California, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1970. 145 p.

12. Weber M. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Koln: Kiepenheuer und Witsch, 1964, pp. 1-180.

13. Bychenko Yu. G. Problemy formirovaniya chelovecheskogo kapitala v Rossii [Problems of human capital formation in Russia]. Saratov, College Publ, 2000. 168 p.

14. Bychenko Yu. G. Innovatsionnyi mekhanizm ustoichivogo razvitiya chelovecheskogo kapitala [Innovative mechanism of sustainable development of human capital]. Moscow, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011. 532 p.

15. Petrenko T., Egorova I., Kovalenok S. Issledovanie chelovecheskogo kapitala kak faktora ekonomicheskogo rosta [Study of human capital as a factor of economic growth]. Moscow, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012. 88 p.

16. Pihtelev A. M. Dukhovno-kul'turnoe razvitie deyatel'nostnogo chelovecheskogo potentsiala voennosluzhashchikh [Spiritual and cultural development of the active human potential of military personnel]. Alma mater, 2019, no. 4, pp. 62-65.

17. Kurdyukov D. N. Voennosluzhashchii kak sub"ekt zdorov'esberegayushchego povedeniya [A serviceman as a subject of health-saving behavior]. Gumanitarnye, sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie i obshchestvennye nauki = Humanities, Socio-Economic and Social Sciences, 2020, no. 12, pp. 52-55.

18. Savenko A. A., Bychenko Yu. G. Sovershenstvovanie motivatsii sluzhebno-trudovoi deyatel'nosti voennosluzhashchikh natsional'noi gvardii Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Improving the motivation of service and labor activity of servicemen of the National Guard of the Russian Federation]. Srednerusskii vestnik obshchestvennykh nauk = Central Russian Bulletin of Social Sciences, 2018, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 58-71.

19. Savenko A. A., Nemolyaev V. V. Professional'noe razvitie kak faktor trudovoi motivatsii rabotnikov [Professional development as a factor of labor motivation of employees]. Vestnik Saratovskoi gosudarstvennoi yuridicheskoi akademii = Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy, 2017, no. 1, pp. 219–223.

20. Kuznetsov N. I. Sovershenstvovanie upravleniya sotsial'no-kul'turnoi adaptatsiei kursantov voennogo instituta [Improving the management of socio-cultural adaptation cadets of the Military Institute]. Gumanitarnye, sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie i obshchestvennye nauki = Humanities, Socio-Economic and Social Sciences, 2021, no. 12, pp. 52-55.

21. Vorobyev V. A., Kristinevich S. A. Institutsional'naya effektivnost' razvitiya chelovecheskogo kapitala: izmerenie i napravleniya povysheniya [Institutional efficiency of human capital development: measurement and directions of improvement]. Belorusskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal = Belarusian Economic Journal, 2012, no. 1, pp. 44-51.