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Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management

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Vol 12, No 6 (2022)
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TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND NATIONAL ECONOMY

10-21 92
Abstract

   Relevance. The space industry has always been strategically important from the point of view of the development of the national economic and information and communication field of the country, but has become even more relevant in the context of the rupture of relations with the Russian Federation of Western countries and the United States in the space industry and the curtailment of a number of significant international projects with Russian participation.
   The purpose is to consider the main stages of cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Belarus in the field of creating space products.
   Objectives: to characterize the nature of the work of Russian and Belarusian enterprises in the field of production of space products; to consider the stages of cooperation in the space sphere of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus; identify joint promising projects in the space industry.
   Methodology. The solution of the tasks set took place through the use of general scientific methods within the framework of historical,comparative and logical analysis, as well as through the analysis of dynamics in cooperation between the allied states on the basis of the international legal framework.
   Results. It is proved that the implementation of the sanctions policy on the part of the West against the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus not so much forced to reconsider the nature of relations between the allied states, but also to create a new format for promising cooperation in the field of space projects and space products.
   Conclusions. Russia's position in the space industry is characterized by instability due to an underestimation of the impact of Western sanctions. Russia, having passed the path of stagnation in the space industry at the initial stage of the sanctions policy, found a way out in cooperation with Belarus on the implementation of space projects, focusing on national interests, and not on international projects of the ISS.

22-37 115
Abstract

   Relevance. The study examines a modern approach to creating conditions for the sustainable development of the state by achieving a balance between the economic, social and environmental spheres through the ecologization of the economy. The green economy is one of the priority areas in many developed countries, since this approach to doing business ensures the sustainable development of the state by solving such important problems as: the rapidly deteriorating state of the environment, global climate change, the deterioration of public health and, as a result, the deterioration of the standard of living in the country due to the negative impact of the anthropogenic factor on the environment. The development of this area is impossible without the implementation of state support measures, improvement of environmental legislation, control over compliance with environmental standards, as well as the development and implementation of a special state policy in the field of ecology.
   The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of ecologization of the economy in the Russian Federation on the basis of macro-indicators of the level of development of the green economy.
   Objectives: consider existing indices that reflect the level of ecologization of the economy in different countries, analyze the dynamics of these indices, which make it possible to determine the main trends in environmental development; to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the social, environmental and economic development of individual states, on the basis of research, to identify priority areas and tools of state policy for the formation of an effective model for the transition to a green economy.
   Methodology. In the study, based on a comprehensive analysis of foreign and domestic campaigns, a comprehensive assessment and systematization of the main macro-indicators of the level of development of the green economy and the greening of countries was carried out. To control the relevance of the study, a correlation analysis was used, with the help of which the dependences of the considered indicators were revealed. The study also included methods of theoretical comparison and generalization of various views on the formation of approaches to assessing the greening of the economy; as well as methods of analysis and synthesis.
   Results: a study of approaches to assessing the greening of the economy based on domestic and foreign approaches has been conducted; indices have been analyzed by which it is possible to determine the level of greening of the economy in various countries, as well as its weaknesses and strengths.
   Conclusions. Many countries and international organizations are actively developing comprehensive methods and approaches for greening the economy, including Russia is actively working in this direction. We have shown how various countries and organizations form their systems of assessments and indicators of the green economy using indices, and also identified the main areas of assessment and the main trends in the greening of the economy.

MANAGEMENT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

38-49 145
Abstract

   The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the ISO International Standards for Management Systems (ISO MSS) are the embodiment of scientific and technological progress, contribute to the innovative development of countries and play an important role in improving the welfare of society and the implementation of international relations.
   The purpose is to study the current state and trends in the use of ISO standards for quality management systems and systems in other areas of management in European countries.
   Objectives: to test the hypothesis that companies that develop and implement quality management systems for compliance with ISO 9001 standards also develop ISO MSS management systems in other areas (including economic security); explore the degree of possible closeness of the relationship between the global competitiveness index and the number of ISO certificates for quality management systems and systems of economic security of enterprises in the context of European countries.
   Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative and correlation analysis, the correlation was studied using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study was limited to European countries.
   Results. The hypothesis is confirmed that companies that develop and implement quality management systems for compliance with ISO 9001 standards also develop ISO management systems for economic security; it was revealed that although in general the impact of standardization on the processes of increasing global competitiveness is not significant, however, in the countries of the former USSR, there is a higher degree of close correlation.
   Conclusion. The introduction of international standards involves not only bringing enterprise management systems to the requirements of international ISO standards, but, more importantly, the transition to a new philosophy underlying modern approaches to management

ECONOMIC POLICY AND MECHANISMS OF ITS REALIZATION

50-65 157
Abstract

   The relevance of the study lies in establishing the forms of manifestation of the versatile multifunctional nature of the implemented regional economic policy, which is determined by the peculiarities of scientific approaches and concepts that were formed and applied in the process of developing research on various regional economic systems.
   The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of scientific approaches to determining the key parameters of the ongoing regional economic policy, which have changed in the process of developing the concepts of defining the problems and projected results of this policy.
   The objectives: to identify the nature of changes in the directions of scientific research of the regional economy; to analyze the content of scientific approaches that have consolidated various parameters of economic policy at the regional level; to establish the specifics of the manifestation of the experience of developing and substantiating various scientific concepts on the methods for assessing and characterizing the policy of regulating the development of regionalterritorial economic systems on the territory of Russia, which can be applied in the present period.
   Methodology. Using the methods of a systematic approach, structural-functional analysis and generalization, the features of the dynamics of development of ways to characterize the emerging factors and the main characteristics of the implemented regional economic policy are identified.
   Results. As a result of the study, it should be noted that the specificity of various scientific approaches was determined by the peculiarities of the nature of the consideration of identified economic problems in certain territories and the expected economic effects of the functioning of regional production systems.
   Conclusions. A comprehensive approach is needed to the ongoing regional economic policy by taking into account the accumulated domestic and foreign versatile scientific and theoretical experience in considering various characteristics of the relevant territory, which are key factors in the implementation of this policy. This will make it possible to give a comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional nature of modern economic policy at the regional level. Based on the results of a study of a wide range of scientific concepts, it should be noted that the key factors of this policy are: production-targeted and multiple use of elements of natural resource potential, continuous innovative development of production and technological capabilities to meet the needs of the population and maintaining a high production and educational level of labor potential.

THE GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS ON THE PATH OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

66-82 443
Abstract

   Relevance. Currently, there are quite a few instruments of influence on states in the field of international politics and international relations. The most effective means are economic sanctions that are applied against states pursuing a policy that is not always convenient for industrialized states, primarily for the United States and the European Union. In the modern world, the Russian Federation acts as a sovereign and independent subject of international law, against which economic sanctions are quite actively applied. It is important to conduct a comparative study of the legal mechanisms for counteracting the applied economic sanctions
   Purpose. The presented article is devoted to the study of existing mechanisms for countering economic sanctions by the Russian Federation.
   Objectives. To achieve the goal of the study, the authors set the following tasks: to study the legal framework of sanctions against the Russian Federation; to analyze the existing mechanisms for overcoming international economic sanctions in the digital economy; develop recommendations for countering sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation.
   Methodology. The study applied the methodology of system analysis, comparative and legal research.
   Results: the legal base of sanctions directed against the Russian Federation was studied; an analysis of the existing mechanisms for overcoming international economic sanctions in the digital economy was carried out; recommendations have been developed to counter sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation.
   Conclusions. The legal mechanism for combating sanctions is characterized by professionalism, technology and complexity, and it is important to establish prohibitions and restrictions at the level of domestic legislation, using the substantive legal method of regulating civil law relations with the participation of a foreign element.

ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION OF ENTERPRISES, INDUSTRIES, COMPLEXES

83-94 181
Abstract

   Relevance. The information space of any economic entity includes a document management system, which is a necessary part of the organization's infrastructure and affects the quality of work of top management, its organization and work culture. In this study, topical issues of assessing the document flow of economic entities are considered. The importance and role of document management is that on the basis of reliable and sufficient information, the top management of the organization makes management decisions. To obtain relevant information, it is necessary to evaluate the document flow in the internal control system, which will identify the main problems and offer recommendations for their elimination.
   The purpose is addition of the methodology for assessing document flow in the internal control system of an economic entity.
   Objectives: determination of the relationship between document flow and internal and external control of an economic entity; determination of the elements of the assessment of the documentation process; introduction of a point assessment of the document flow of an economic entity; testing of the methodology for assessing document flow in the internal control system on the example of an economic entity.
   Methodology. Various bibliographic methods, data collection methods, and expert methods were used in the study.
   Results. On the basis of the supplemented methodology, a comprehensive assessment of the elements of the document management system was carried out, which made it possible to identify deviations in the reflection of the facts of economic life during the internal control of an economic entity.
   Conclusions. The obtained scientific and practical results of the study can be aimed at improving document management, simplifying the internal control procedure, as well as preparing for external control of an economic entity by audit organizations, which is a key issue in improving the efficiency of office work.

INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

95-111 167
Abstract

   Relevance. In economic theory, the scientific community is constantly forming new areas of research, providing a new round of development of economic science. Numerous scientific works confirm the need to focus on the human economy. The study of models and the role of man in the economy is reflected in the works of numerous economists, but the appeal to the topic of human-oriented economics has occurred relatively recently, as evidenced by the incompleteness and ambiguity of knowledge about this subject area.
   The purpose is to develop a conceptual platform for the human-oriented economy, which gives the most complete picture of the object of research.
   Objectives: to define the fundamental concepts of a human-oriented economy; to form synthesized and generalized fundamental characteristics of a human-oriented economy.
   Methodology. The following research methods were applied: content analysis, two-level triadic decryption, mutation (rearrangement) of categories.
   Results: 1) mutations of categories were made on the basis of the initial categorical scheme obtained by applying the method of two-level triadic decryption; 2) synthesized concepts of the human-oriented economy are obtained from triadic complexes of auxiliary concepts: human nature, resources, goods; tangible-intangible, intangible-tangible, intangible model of relationships; dual, mono-aspect and poly-aspect role of a person; models of human behavior, the results of the functioning of the human-centered economy, ways to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the human-centered economy; management of interacting spheres of the human-centered economy, point and total management of the human-centered economy; bio-material, social-service and cognitive nature of the human-centered economy; 3) synthesized concepts are combined into generalized fundamental characteristics of the human-centered economy: the essence of the economic system under consideration, relational models of interaction in the human-centered economy, the role of a person in it, the content of this economy, management of the economic system under consideration and the logic of its development; 4) a thesaurus of the subject area of the humanoriented economy has been formed, which describes the phenomenon under study with a necessary and sufficient degree of completeness.
  Conclusions. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the formed conceptual apparatus of the human-centered economy opens up prospects for further research in this area in order to form a full-fledged scientific theory.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

112-127 179
Abstract

   Relevance. The author's article discusses the main indicators that characterize the financial resources of agrarian formations on the example of one of the most developed regions of the Krasnodar Territory - large agricultural organizations in the Kanevsky district. A methodology for assessing financial resources and their impact on the final results of entrepreneurial activity of economic entities in the agrarian sector of the economy is proposed.
   The purpose of the study is to study and evaluate the financial resources of economic entities in the agricultural sector of the economy. With the help of these assets of the organization's property, the optimal structure is financed and the production potential of the organization is increased.
   Objectives: conduct an analysis of the resource endowment of economic entities; consider the methodology for assessing financial resources; determine measures to improve the efficiency of their use and influence the final results of business activities of economic entities in the agrarian sector of the economy.
   Methodology. The research is based on the methods of analysis of the assessment of financial resources and their impact on the financial results of economic entities.
   Results. The study analyzes the provision of the economy with financial resources. Even with high profitability of the business, insufficient attention to the problems of the financial management of the economic entity leads to negative externalities or takeovers. Consequently, the effective operation of agricultural organizations depends on the quality of management of its financial resources. The paper proposes a methodology for assessing financial resources and their impact on the final results of entrepreneurial activity of economic entities in the agricultural sector of the economy.
   Conclusions. As part of the study, it was determined that financial resources are the most important element of the overall management system of economic entities. When forming and using financial resources, it is necessary to take into account both internal and external factors that affect the functioning of organizations in the agricultural sector of the economy. Taking into account the peculiarities of the analysis of the financial resources of the organization, we believe that the need for sources of financing arises for each agrarian formation at all stages of its life cycle.

128-140 109
Abstract

   Relevance. The coronavirus pandemic has had a serious impact on the socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation. Coronavirus restrictions have led to a slowdown in growth rates and a drop in the values of a number of key indicators in the economy. The pandemic also had a negative impact on the global oil market: the introduction of quarantine measures largely led to a drop in prices to record low levels. Such changes could not but affect the dynamics of revenues that form the revenue part of the budget of the Russian Federation.
   The purpose is to assess the nature and scale of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the dynamics of revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation.Assessment of the nature and scale of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the dynamics of revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation.
   Objectives: to assess the dynamics of GDP and budget revenues; assess the impact of the changing situation on the global oil market on the Russian economy during the coronavirus pandemic; to consider the dynamics of indicators of the fiscal sphere, accrual of taxes, fees and other obligatory payments to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation.
   Methodology: generalization of domestic practice; comparison; vertical and horizontal analysis; summary and grouping; economic and statistical methods.
   Results. Macroeconomic indicators are considered, the dynamics of which directly or indirectly affects the dynamics of revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of our own analysis, the results of research by scientists and experts, the external and internal factors that influenced the dynamics of budget revenues during the coronavirus pandemic were identified. Based on the results obtained in the course of the study, appropriate conclusions were drawn.
   Conclusions. The negative impact of the pandemic necessitated the development and implementation of a set of measures to support the most affected areas and categories of organizations, which in turn requires the use of public financial resources in excess of those planned for the corresponding period, and the nature of the support measures led to a decrease in tax revenues of budgets due to number and reduction in the number of Russian organizations, as well as their revenues and profits.

HUMAN RESOURCES AND EDUCATION

141-154 219
Abstract

   Relevance. In modern conditions of development of the agrarian sector of the economy it is necessary to improve the process of management of personnel potential of agricultural enterprises, to find reserves for the formation of competitive highly productive developing personnel, capable of working in the promising conditions of the digital economy.
   An essential resource for increasing labor productivity is the development of the system of motivation and involvement of agricultural personnel in achieving the goals of the organization. Measuring the involvement of personnel, assessing the impact on the performance indicators of the enterprise, the development of motivational mechanisms in personnel management create additional opportunities for sustainable development of agricultural enterprises.
   The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the impact of motivation and engagement on the labor productivity of the personnel of agricultural enterprises.
   Objectives: to systematize the factors of increasing labor productivity in managing the sustainable development of an agricultural enterprise in the current conditions of the development of the Russian economy; to study the sectoral features of labor motivation and personnel involvement in agriculture, determined by a set of distinctive conditions for the development of the agricultural sector; assess the dynamics of labor productivity and profitability of the personnel of an agricultural enterprise; measure the involvement of the personnel of the enterprise and analyze the impact of the level of involvement on labor productivity.
   Methodology. In the course of the study, methods of economic, empirical and statistical analysis, methods of expert evaluation, graphical and tabular visualization of the results of the study were used.
   Results. It is proposed to identify the motivational components in the management of agricultural personnel, determined by the production and economic specifics of this industry. A study and measurement of the involvement of the personnel of an agricultural enterprise was carried out, which made it possible to analyze the impact of involvement on labor productivity and determine the strategic directions for the formation of a motivational mechanism at the enterprise. Based on the reporting data of the enterprise, comparable indicators of productivity and profitability of personnel were calculated and appropriate conclusions were drawn.
   Conclusions. As part of the study, a technology was proposed to study the impact of involvement on the productivity of agricultural personnel with the subsequent transformation of the assessment results into strategic directions for the development of personnel motivation.

155-168 116
Abstract

   Relevance. Human capital has been one of the most important criteria of social and economic progress of society for many years. The way of life of society acts as a specific way of accumulating human potential, its development and manifestation in various industries. One of these industries is the agro-industrial complex, which remains the basis of any economic activity. In the scientific literature, the issues of the formation of the principles and features of human capital, taking into account the specifics of assessing its indicators in the agricultural sector, remain poorly studied.
   The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for the formation of a system of indicators for assessing the development of human capital in the agriculture of the region.
   Objectives: to analyze methods for calculating human capital, to systematize by groups of factors the indicators for assessing the human capital of the agro-industrial complex of the region.
   Methodology. The works of domestic and foreign scientists acted as the methodological basis for studying the concept of human capital and the factors of its formation. There were methods such as descriptive, synthesis and systematic approach, analysis of statistical data, etc.

   Results. As a result of the analysis of existing methods, the authors proposed a system of indicators for assessing human capital in agriculture, but already on the basis of data that were identified in the regional context.
   Conclusions. Human capital plays an important role in shaping the sustainable socio-economic development of the region and strengthening competitiveness at the interregional level. It also acts as an intensive productive factor, ensuring the efficient and innovative functioning of economic systems. The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important branches of the Russian economy, which has a direct impact on the country's food security. The transformation of production technologies entails the need to expand and deepen the requirements for the professional training of relevant personnel with the necessary competencies, including digital ones.

169-182 155
Abstract

   Relevance. The solution of tasks aimed at increasing productivity is primarily focused on the development of technological innovations, which are designed to ensure the improvement of existing technological processes, as well as the development of new, more progressive ones. The main task in this case is resource conservation and reduction of labor intensity. Currently, this process seems unthinkable without the introduction of lean production methodology.
   The purpose of this article is to identify the role of non–material incentives for employees of a research and production enterprise to increase employee productivity and the efficiency of the enterprise.
   The objectives ‒ analyze the activities carried out at JSC "Obninsk Research and Production Enterprise "Technology" named after A. G. Romashin" on non-material incentives for employees.
   Methodology. The main research methods are the means of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, logical-structural approach, cause-and-effect relationships.
   Results. As a result of the conducted research, the main directions of improving the working atmosphere for staff are proposed: the introduction of corporate workwear; improvement of non-working places (changing rooms, showers, a meal room, organization of a smoking room); expansion of the capacity of existing bathrooms; providing opportunities for the realization of the creative potential of employees. It is calculated in dynamics for 2015-2021 that with the introduction of improvements in working conditions, the system of non-material incentives, the productivity of employees increased.
    Conclusions. As a result of the analysis conducted in the framework of evaluating the effectiveness and validity of innovations in intangible incentives for employees of a research and production enterprise, it was concluded that they improve the attitude of employees to their company, lead to increased productivity and reduced defects, increase the creative potential of employees and the design of products.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

183-197 157
Abstract

   Relevance. The digitalization of society generates a wide range of risks, the traditional social order is being destroyed. In conditions of belittling the value of the value-normative system of the individual, a situation of uncertainty appears that forms a risk society. There is a catalyzation of risks, expanding their range from geopolitical to social.
   The purpose is to reveal the influence of global risks of modern society on the formation of phenomenological risks.
   Objectives: analyze theoretical and methodological approaches to risk definition; study the varieties of global risks; establish the relationship between global and phenomenological risks.
   Methodology. The study uses methods of synthesis and analysis to identify the features of the interpretation of the term "risk", to classify global risks. Theoretical generalizations and empirical studies are carried out on the basis of monographic and abstract-logical methods, author's works, official statistics.
   Results. In modern realities, the problem of risk acquires one of the significant characteristics of the everyday life of a person, his social practices. In the essence of risk, the evaluative activity of the actor of indicators of reality and the focus on its transformation is manifested. The objective-subjective concept of risk represents the dualistic ambiguous essence of risk. From the point of view of phenomenology, risks are considered as a factor in the existence and reliability of the existence of a person. As a result of the collapse of everyday reality, the risk is revealed as an exacerbation of the "worlds of life".
   Conclusions. The proposed features of risks make it possible to qualitatively describe global and phenomenological risks, classify them into vertical and horizontal ones. The vertical level risks include economic, political, terrorism, information wars, etc. Horizontal level risks are represented by environmental, social, cultural risks, reorganization of social stratification, etc. Global risks in modern society are divergent in nature, penetrate into the internal structures of society and become a factor of phenomenological risks at the level of everyday social practices of an individual.

198-217 173
Abstract

   Relevance. The article discusses the concept of "corporate values". Despite the large number of its definitions, there is no unified approach to the interpretation of corporate values in the scientific literature. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that, based on a comparative analysis of twenty definitions of the concept of "corporate values", an attempt is made to offer its refined interpretation.
   The purpose of the study is to clarify the definition of "corporate values".
   Objectives: to review the definitions of the concept of "corporate values" available in the scientific literature; to identify the approaches of researchers in defining the concept of "corporate values"; to compare different approaches to defining the concept of "corporate values" based on the data obtained.
   Methodology. The research method was the method of comparative analysis. The research was also based on corporate values listed on the websites of six leading Russian organizations.
   Results. The comparative analysis of more than twenty definitions of the concept of "corporate values" carried out by the author of the article revealed three main approaches that guided the theorists and practitioners of management processes in defining this concept. The first approach is descriptive. Researchers following the first approach, which we propose to call "qualitative", answer the question of what corporate values are. The second approach is instrumental, i.e. corporate values are considered in this case as a kind of tool (a way, a way, etc.) to achieve something. The third approach, also characterized by a descriptive nature, indicates where corporate values are reflected and implemented.
   Conclusions. A refined author's definition of the concept of "corporate values" is proposed. Corporate values are moral and behavioral guidelines, rules, principles, norms and standards of professional activity that are significant and shared by all employees of the organization, which they, regardless of their position, are ready to be guided by when implementing organizational goals and objectives.

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF NATURE, SOCIETY AND HUMAN

218-230 105
Abstract

   Relevance. The widespread use of modern information and communication technologies, in particular, social Internet media, forms a special space (media ecosystem), which is a synthesis of the human life world and its environment. In the media ecosystem, an individual faces both broad opportunities and restrictions (filters, prohibitions) when implementing social and communicative practices. Along with the study of current practices of media activity of users, the study of practices of information exclusion – related to the selection and exclusion of information - is of particular importance. Modern conditions of escalation of information and communication risks reinforce the need to study the above-described object.
   The purpose of this work is to analyze information exclusion in user practices of media consumption and media production.
   Objectives: disclosure of the conceptual framework for the analysis of information exclusion practices; identification of the main factors of institutional and environmental information exclusion; identification of key factors of personality-oriented practices of information exclusion (in media consumption and media production).
   Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods (synthesis, analysis, structural and functional approach). The empirical basis of this work is the results of the author's sociological research conducted by the online survey method (N=1000).

   Results. The presented materials present the results of the author's sociological research on the topic "Consumption and production of content in the media space". In the course of this study, the information received was collected, summarized and critically analyzed. The specifics of the practices of media activity of users in the media ecosystem are revealed.
   Conclusions. The media space and new media tools significantly shape the structure of society and the basic dynamics of modern man's life. However, the production and consumption of media content has completely changed in the modern digitized world due to the global processes of digitalization. In the realities of the development of the modern media landscape, the study of how the media activity of users, namely the social practices of media production and media consumption, is combined with various restrictions (filters, prohibitions) is particularly relevant.

231-245 173
Abstract

   Relevance. Since the 20s of the XXI century, the cultural era of neo-modernity began, associated with the expansion of the influence of artificial intelligence technologies on society, the economy and scientific and technological progress. It is relevant to develop a theory of scientific discoveries, which will offer new models for managing scientific discoveries and civilizational risks, taking into account digitalization and changes in human thinking.
   Purpose. Within the framework of this research, two goals are set ‒ to propose a new "useful" theory of scientific discoveries, which will take into account the factors of changes in the psychology of people's thinking and the potential for automation of scientific discoveries, and to conduct a philosophical and methodological analysis of the proposed theory and its impact on the management of scientific discoveries and scientific and technological progress.
   Objectives: to prepare an overview of approaches to the theory of scientific discoveries; to propose a typology of approaches based on the analysis of thinking artifacts; to formulate a new approach and a "useful" theory of scientific discoveries; to conduct a philosophical and methodological analysis.
   Methodology. Content analysis, comparative approach, structural and functional analysis, historical and philosophical approach.

    Results: hypothesis about the meta-task of scientific discoveries in the form of the development of a quantum hypergraph; theory of synthetic scientific discoveries based on a cybersemiotic approach.
   Conclusions. It is necessary to reconsider attempts to explain scientific discoveries without taking into account changes in people's thinking and automation. The cybersemiotic approach to the theory of scientific discoveries opens up new models for managing scientific discoveries based on data, rather than bureaucracy, fashion or social capital. Digitalization of scientific discoveries opens up the opportunity to master a new type of mental operator – a quantum hypergraph, which is a prerequisite for the emergence of synthetic noosphere technologies and a trigger for changing the type of civilizational model based on overcoming the polarization of people's thinking.

246-254 99
Abstract

   Relevance. The concept of social quality of life logically fits into the dialectical-synergetic direction of modern philosophy of science. The issues of interfacing the social quality of life with the psychology of physicality and quantum-synergetic ontologies of a person are particularly relevant today; the coordination of value regulations for understanding "quality" life, "quality" habitat, "quality" activity, etc., exacerbating the systemic revision of the philosophical and ideological foundation.
   The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning, functions and role of the social quality of life in the life of a person and society from the perspective of quantum synergetic anthropology.
   The objectives consideration of the "body of society" by seven levels of corporeality, as well as the establishment of the role and significance of the social quality of life in the synthetic body-object ontology of society.
   Methodology. Physicality, as an epistemological phenomenon, is most widely represented in the quantumsynergetic anthropology of V.G. Budanov, who rethought the approach to the study of the human body by E. Husserl.
   Results. The social quality of life has been studied and presented in the perspective of the quantum-synergetic methodology, its aspects of origin and implementation have been established.
    Conclusions. The social quality of life in the aspect of quantum-synergetic methodology is revealed through seven levels of physicality, or rather, it arises not at the very level of physicality, but at the junctions, the boundaries of the transition from one level to another, thereby forming a certain social practice (a set of criteria, indicators, assessments; vector of development), which is the forerunner of a full-fledged cultural tradition. The social quality of life can be assessed and presented only under the condition of a one–time multitemporality of the attributes of being, and in a narrower sense ‒ the spheres of life of society and man. At the same time, this whole system is impossible without the main (main) actors – society in general and man in particular. That is why the social quality of life is primarily aimed at satisfying the system of human and social needs, and the means and methods are selected depending on the existing landscape and the possibility of its change.

255-268 124
Abstract

   Relevance. Today, education, by virtue of its universal nature, becomes responsible for the further progress of society. The need to involve philosophy and its methodological reflections in the understanding of education and upbringing is due to the fact that education can act as a means of legitimizing or criticizing any socio-cultural phenomenon, a tool for its symbolic design and sanctioning of practices inherent in the social system within an influential system of values.
   The purpose of the work is to provide a socio-philosophical analysis of education as a way of constituting a person and society in the modern world, identifying the essence, functional role, features of its manifestation in the context of the fundamental socio-cultural challenges of the modern information society.
   Objectives: substantiation of the need for the development of reflective thinking as a sense-creating factor for the education system in the modes of the information society; study of the sociocultural consequences of the functioning of education in situations of modern and postmodern societies.
   Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is: the deconstruction method, which allows to identify the semantic dimensions of traditional and modern education in the context of their transformations; the method of comparative studies, which made it possible to comprehend the crisis of education in the context of the dynamics of the development of information technologies; the method of hermeneutics, which reflects the approach to identifying the characteristics of the sphere of education as a condition for the development of the essential forces of a person.
   Results. The paper reveals the conceptual meanings of educational activities, which, in the context of a pluralistic reality, creates opportunities for posing and solving urgent social, economic, political and cultural problems, influencing the ways of their knowledge and comprehension.
   Conclusions. In the modern world, information, having become the most important resource for socioeconomic development, determined the trajectory of the transformation of knowledge in the direction of technological optimization of its productivity, fragmentation, pragmatization and digitalization, the criterion of which is efficiency. Education as a space of human self-organization is the process of formation of integral knowledge. The ambivalence inherent in education is expressed in the simultaneous focus on the task of forming individuals in accordance with the principles of a particular society and the task of promoting the development of human subjectivity.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS

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Abstract

   The relevance of this research topic is due to the fact that work is an integral part of the life of every ablebodied person. Regardless of its complexity, level of responsibility, requirements, qualifications, it determines the way of life of a person and the system of his subjective values, the prospects for the development of an individual. Young people are not only the future, but also the present of our country, the intellectual potential of the state depends on the starting opportunities of their labor activity. The modern labor market is quite diverse and can offer a large number of diverse professions, but at the same time young people are placed in a rigid framework established by modern development trends. There is an imbalance between professionally trained specialists and their lack of demand from employers.
   The purpose is to draw attention to the problem of youth unemployment, to develop recommendations for reducing its level.
   Objectives: consider foreign and domestic experience in using the concept of NEET-youth, identify the reasons for the existence of NEET-youth, analyze the data on the general unemployment rate, by age, as well as the structure of the unemployed by level of education, reflect the decision-making process of a graduate for the purpose of employment.
   Methodology. The methodological basis of the work was a system-integrated approach to the problem under study, which made it possible to identify the main patterns of the study using statistical data and scientific papers. The following research methods were used: analysis, observation, synthesis, classification, deduction, statistical and bibliometric methods.
   Results. In the course of the study, it was possible to find out that the problem of the emergence, existence and progression of the phenomenon of NEET is typical for most developed countries and poses a threat to the socioeconomic sphere of life of the population. A number of measures have been proposed to reduce the number of economically inactive young citizens, namely, graduates of educational institutions.
   Conclusions. Unemployment remains an urgent problem of the country's population (in particular, young people). In modern realities, it is possible to significantly influence the success of the employment of graduates of educational institutions by establishing a direct link between educational institutions and enterprises.

280-291 142
Abstract

   Relevance. Due to the involvement of our country and its regions in international economic processes, the implementation of any restrictive measures entails uncertainty and unexpected shocks for all parties. However, the Russian economy is now much more resilient to any shocks than it was in 2014, when the most extensive package of sanctions in the history of modern Russia was adopted.
   The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the new restrictive measures on the implementation of strategies of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation’s regions and justify the need of making adjustments.
   Objectives: to study data on the amount of investment in fixed capital in the first quarter of 2022, to analyze the dynamics of the index of industrial production in the Russian Federation, to assess the significance of the deviation of the actual index from the target indicator stated in the strategies of socio-economic development of the regions.
   Methodology. The following indicators were analyzed: the amount of investment in fixed capital in the Russian Federation, the index of industrial production in the Russian Federation and in the regions. To analyze the consistency of target indicators, the strategies of socio-economic development of 85 regions of the Russian Federation were studied. To assess the performance of the scenario-based approach in the strategy, the comparison of the target and actual values of the indicators was made.
   Results. The researchers noted the significant impact of the sanctions introduced in 2014 on the regional economy. Based on the data on the amount of investment in fixed assets in the first quarter of 2022, it is impossible to conclude that there is a similar trend now. However, there is a sharp drop in the index of industrial production in most regions of the Russian Federation. This indicator is used as a target indicator in the strategies of many regions in the Russian Federation.
   Conclusions. The scenario approach cannot always fully take into account some significant shocks. Therefore, timely adjustment of strategies is necessary in such cases.



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ISSN 2223-1552 (Print)