Relevance. In the context of the formation of a multipolar world and the increasing sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, Russia needs to adjust the models of integration into the system of world economic relations. In this context, an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of internationalization, globalization and regionalization is required.

The purpose is to consider the peculiarities of the impact of globalization and regionalization processes on national economies, taking into account the transformation of their internationalization models.

Objectives: to consider the concepts of internationalization, regionalization and globalization, to identify their relationship; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, on the basis of which to describe the directions of transformation of forms of internationalization of economies; based on the analysis of available statistical data, to identify promising areas of integration of the national economy into the system of world economic relations.

Methodology. The methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods of comparing economic phenomena and processes, methods of abstraction, generalization of analyzed economic information are used.

Results. The internationalization of national economies is a long-term sustainable trend. Their development is confirmed by sufficiently convincing quantitative data. Recently, the dynamics of the corresponding time series has become unstable, volatile and turbulent, with a tendency to decrease the level of indicators. There are transformations of the processes of globalization and regionalization, they acquire not only a new quality, but also institutional consolidation.

Conclusions. The traditional model of globalization has exhausted itself. Due to the formation of a multipolar political and economic global space, in addition to the "center" and "periphery", countries of the "semi-periphery" stand out in it. They have sufficient economic sovereignty to refuse to participate in globalization projects, the balance of effects of which for these countries becomes negative. Russia is one of these countries. An additional incentive for reconfiguring the Russian model of internationalization of the economy is the anti-Russian sanctions imposed by the countries of the "center". In this regard, it is necessary to open up new opportunities for the national economy to integrate into the global economic space based on models of regionalization and glocalization.

Relevance. The renewable energy sector is attractive for foreign direct investment, among which projects related to the introduction of wind energy, as well as the reproduction of energy from biomass and biofuels are popular with investors. The proof of the popularity of such projects is the investment of 70% of all investments in renewable energy sources.

The purpose The aim is to consider the trends of global investments in agriculture in the context of the transition to renewable energy sources.

Objectives: to analyze the inflow of FDI to various regions of the world for the implementation of renewable energy transition projects; to show the reasons for the uneven investment of countries in different regions in modern conditions.

Methodology. The structural theory is used to study investment flows, and the method of studying statistical reporting according  to  UNCTAD and  CEPAL data  is  used  for quantitative  and  qualitative  analysis of attracted investments.

Results. The statistical data used formed the basis for a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the directions of attracting FDI to various countries, showing the heterogeneity of this process by region. The global climate situation requires accelerating low-carbon innovation by all possible means. Developed countries have the same problems of transition to renewable energy as developing countries, so investment investments are relevant for agriculture in all regions of the world.

Conclusions. Western countries prefer to be in the trend of the modern economy and invest in green sectors of the economy and those industries that use carbon-neutral technologies. Global changes in green energy financing related to the transfer of funds to the "hotbeds of conflict" in Ukraine and the Middle East have put some countries (LACs) in need of finding their own resources to continue energy transition projects.

Relevance. Russian banks actively participate in international trade and economic relations. However, taking into account geopolitical and economic changes, such as sanctions and changes in trade blocs, banks need to develop strategies for effective expansion of their activities at the international level. Business planning for the geographical development of foreign trade will help banks to adapt to new market conditions, determine optimal strategies and resources for the development of export-import operations, as well as minimize risks and increase competitiveness on the world stage..

The purpose is to conduct a comprehensive study of the possibilities of geographical development of the foreign economic activity of Russian banks..

Objectives: analyze regional markets for their potential; to determine the main advantages and disadvantages of the activity of foreign trade of Russian banks; will identify the peculiarities of the bank's exit to the new dawn within the framework of foreign trade, draw up a business plan and determine the criteria for the success of the project.

Methodology. In the process of research, general scientific methods of logical and statistical analysis, field research, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis were used.

Results. 10 Russian banks, their foreign trade development strategy and future prospects were considered. The regions in which the opening of a bank branch will be the most successful for foreign trade have been identified: Tatarstan, Primorsky Krai, Kaliningrad Oblast, Yekaterinburg. A business plan for entering a new regional market for a bank with a focus on foreign trade has been drawn up, taking into account industry specifics.

Conclusion. The foreign trade development strategy allows banks to expand their client base, increase their global presence and provide their clients with access to international financial services.

Relevance. In the modern world, artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fastest growing areas of information technology, which is increasingly penetrating into various spheres of human activity. In the context of public and municipal management, AI is a technology that is able to automate and optimize work processes, improve the quality of services provided to citizens, and increase the level of security and transparency of government work.

The purpose is to analyze the possibilities and risks of using artificial intelligence in state and municipal management, as well as to determine the prospects for its development in this area.

Objectives: to analyze the advantages of using artificial intelligence in state and municipal management; to study the risks and challenges associated with its implementation; to analyze trends in the development of artificial intelligence in this area, as well as to determine the prospects for its use.

Methodology. Empirical, theoretical, statistical and graphical representation methods were used in the course of scientific research.

Results. The study revealed the advantages of AI in public administration (improving efficiency, improving the quality of services, transparency, security); risks and challenges were studied (lack of infrastructure, risk of privacy violations, problems of transparency of algorithms, risk of discrimination); trends in the development of AI were analyzed (e-government, optimization of workflows, personalization of services, monitoring of social media, security); the prospects of using AI (smart cities, virtual assistants, hybrid systems, decision support, cooperation with business, international cooperation) have been identified.

Conclusions. Artificial intelligence can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of public and municipal administration. However, for the successful implementation of AI, it is necessary to solve problems such as the lack of infrastructure and qualified specialists, ensuring data security, transparency of algorithms and compliance with the regulatory framework. To do this, it is necessary to conduct further research, develop integrated approaches and take into account world experience. The prospects for using AI include the creation of smart cities, the use of virtual assistants, hybrid systems, decision support systems, business cooperation and international cooperation.

Relevance. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the most discussed and rapidly developing technologies in recent years. Its potential and capabilities have a significant impact on various spheres of life, including business. AI algorithms are used to analyze huge amounts of data and make forecasts, which helps companies make more efficient and rational decisions.

The purpose is to study the main trends in the use of artificial intelligence in business and determine its potential and advantages.

Objectives: to consider various aspects of the use of AI in business, to investigate its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, as well as to identify the challenges and limitations associated with the use of this technology.

Methodology.The research methodology includes empirical and analytical methods, statistical analysis is also used, revealing the features of the introduction of artificial intelligence in the business sphere.

Results. It has been revealed that the main areas of application of artificial intelligence in business are sales and communication with customers, marketing, content creation, and personnel management. The important aspects that companies should pay attention to when implementing artificial intelligence are indicated.

Conclusions. The results of the study showed that artificial intelligence (AI) has huge potential to improve business efficiency and productivity. Data security is a key aspect when using AI in business. Companies should pay special attention to the protection of information, ensuring confidentiality and data integrity. It is also important to keep in mind the ethical aspects of using AI in business, such as fairness, transparency and responsibility for decisions.

Relevance. In 2023, representatives of Generation Z entered into active competition in the labor market and began to increase their marketing potential, which made this segment of consumers attractive to companies from different fields. Marketers and business development managers continue to study the consumer preferences and behavioral patterns of Generation Z, born in the digital age.

The purpose of the study is to study the dynamics of the development of consumer preferences and behavioral patterns of generation Z in the digital economy.

Objectives: to study the dynamics of consumer behavior in the field of e-commerce and methods of online and offline payment; to study the dynamics of consumer preferences of generation Z in the field of reading information from electronic devices.

Methodology. A questionnaire of 37 questions has been developed, divided into 4 groups. 300 respondents from Generation Z living in Moscow and the Moscow region took part. The answers were collected using the Google Forms online resource. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University in the Laboratory of Applied Industry Analysis under the supervision of Professor L. V. Lapidus.

Results. It was revealed that from 2019 to 2022, the proportion of respondents who prefer non-cash payment methods increased significantly. The proportion of respondents who pay for purchases online has also increased. The proportion of Generation Z representatives is growing, who find it more convenient to pick up purchases from order pick-up points than to deliver via courier.

Conclusions. identification of trends in the development of consumer habits and behavioral patterns: the growth of consumption in online stores and marketplaces; minimization of communications in the "person-to-person" system when paying and receiving online purchases; multiscreen a combination of devices of different types to solve everyday tasks. Based on the results and conclusions of the study, recommendations were formulated for companies engaged in various types of interaction with representatives of Generation Z.

Relevance. At the present stage, economic and mathematical methods cannot be fully implemented without the use of digitalization tools. The center of many modern theoretical studies, both by foreign and Russian authors, is a simulation model that allows the most complete reflection of both the theoretical message under consideration and its nuances, to which a software package or modeling tools can be fully adapted. The activities of various production and technology companies may be influenced by external factors, which must be resolved not only strategically, but also operationally. Methodological problems lie in the choice of a priority criterion for the formation of optimal management of a manufacturing enterprise using digitalization tools.

The purpose is to select a priority criterion for the formation of optimal management of a manufacturing enterprise using digitalization tools.

Objectives. objective prerequisites for the construction of simulation models based on an optimization approach are given; the initial formulation of the convex programming problem is justified, an analysis of the priority of weight coefficients is given; the accuracy of calculation and the type of utility function is justified when the analysis of the prevailing normalized prices is assumed. In such initial conditions, the solution of the convex programming problem can be reduced to finding the optimum in the production planning problem.

Methodology. The study was carried out using methods of logical and comparative analysis of existing simulation models of operational management of the company, as well as methods of mathematical modeling.

Results. The paper proposes an algorithm for the phased implementation of the optimization task, taking into account three relevant responses of the system to the use of resource-saving technologies, determined by the use of a specific type of technological production.

Conclusions. The priority of choosing a criterion in the formation of optimal management of a manufacturing enterprise using digitalization tools creates favorable conditions for the system's response to technology changes, depending on three possible states of production technology: ultra-efficient technology, extremely backward technology, medium or normal technology.

Relevance. Infrastructure projects play a significant role in the economic development of the region, allowing to increase its potential, provide support for the regional ecosystem, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and create conditions for sustainable growth of the local territory.

At the same time, despite the increased interest in conducting scientific research in the infrastructure sector and its opportunities to effectively influence the economy, there is a lack of development of adaptive tools and effective methods of infrastructure design in the region in the existing works of scientists, which confirms the relevance of the research.

The purpose it consists in identifying the theoretical, methodological and practical features of infrastructure design in the regional system as a driver of its economic development.

The objectives: to determine the role and importance of infrastructure projects in the development of the regional system; to identify criteria reflecting the specifics of infrastructure projects; to structure approaches and methods of project management; to assess the state of development of the regional infrastructure sector on the example of the Orel region.

Methodology. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and logic based on problem-oriented, system-structural and design approaches.

Results. The study found that infrastructure projects act as a unique tool for integrated development and the basis for the functioning of the localized territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, and are designed to create conditions for ensuring the effective functioning of the population and harmonious business growth.

Conclusions. The role and importance of infrastructure projects in the regional system is great and multifaceted, allowing it to act as a kind of locomotive and engine of its development and creating a multiplier effect for regional sectors of the economy.

The directions of subsequent research are related to the creation of an organizational and managerial model for the infrastructural development of the regional system, the development and promotion of infrastructure projects based on it in the region in the context of spatial economics.

Relevance. The modern development of science, technology, technology, digitalization of the economic space and the widespread introduction of IT solutions into business practice actualizes the topic of managing innovative development. At the same time, a priority in the strategic perspective and important in the tactical period is the innovative development of the industrial complex of regions that contribute to the development of Russian society and the state as a whole. This circumstance predetermined the choice of the topic of scientific research. At the same time, the issue of identifying elements of innovative development of the industrial complex of the region, as well as their integration into the overall management concept, remains important and insufficiently studied.

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to highlight the elements of innovative development of the regional industrial complex and their integration into the overall management concept.

The objectives of the study are to substantiate the relevance of the problem being solved; studying the views of different scientists on the issues of identifying the main elements of innovative development of the industrial complex of the region; substantiation of the author's position regarding the key elements of innovative development of the industrial complex of the region; visualization of the author's idea of integrating key elements of innovative development of the region's industrial complex into one's own vision of the concept of managing the innovative development of the region's industrial complex.

Methodology. The research methods were analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, juxtaposition and generalization of scientific approaches, methods of visualization and presentation of the results of the author's research.

The results of the study are presented by visualization of the author's justification for integrating key elements of the innovative development of the regional industrial complex into his own vision of the concept of managing the innovative development of the regional industrial complex.

Conclusions. The findings contain a conclusion about the author's vision of integrating elements of innovative development of the region's industrial complex into the overall management concept.

Relevance. The Russian economy is moving to a new innovative level of development, and actively implemented projects in the field of digital transformation form the basis for creating a long-term and secure information and telecommunications infrastructure capable of providing high-speed transmission, processing and storage of large amounts of data, which will be available to a wide range of enterprises.

The purpose of the study is to identify the role of technology transfer in the management of the regional innovation economy and current trends.

Objectives: to study the indicators of Internet use by the population for ordering goods and services in urban and rural areas; to assess the dynamics of gross value added of the ICT sector and GDP; to assess the demand of economic and social sectors for digital technologies; to propose ways to solve these problems of digitalization of Russian enterprises.

Methodology. The methods of system analysis, deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis are used.

Results. Russian enterprises are experiencing significant difficulties in the process of technology transfer to the digital space due to the lack of deep readiness to accept and use open innovations, as well as due to restrictions on the free exchange of intellectual property results and insufficient level of asset sharing. These factors can slow down the pace of technology transfer of enterprises and create obstacles to their competitiveness in today's digital business environment. It is necessary to actively develop technology transfer mechanisms that promote the exchange of knowledge and resources in order to increase efficiency to the new challenges of the digital economy.

Conclusions. Economic measures of technology transfer, including bans on access to foreign digital products and services, have not only negative consequences. Currently, consumers in Russia who are accustomed to using digital solutions from foreign manufacturers are faced with the need to switch to domestic analogues of technology as a result of the restrictions imposed.

Relevance. Innovation activity is one of the fundamental indicators of the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. In the context of external challenges and economic instability, innovation is a fundamental vector of development of the domestic economy. However, the effectiveness of innovation activity is currently reduced due to the influence of risk factors of various etiologies. Therefore, the assessment of the factors influencing the innovative activity of the region determines the relevance and significance of the study.

The purpose is to determine the influence of factors on the innovative activity of the region and its subjects, taking into account the ranking according to the degree of impact and the possibility of a restraining influence on the innovative potential of the region.

Objectives. The following tasks were set and consistently solved in the study: to conduct a theoretical review of the concept of "innovative activity"; to identify factors; to classify and identify the degree of influence on the innovative activity of the region.

Methodology. The paper uses a theoretical review of domestic and foreign authors dealing with the issues of factorial influence on the innovative activity of the region and its subjects. During the research, special methods were used: regression analysis, statistical analysis, expert approach, etc.

Results. Based on the factor analysis, factors were identified, grouped, classified, and the degree of influence on the innovative activity of the region was determined, which helped to identify the cause of problems in the region (using the example of the Vladimir region).

Conclusions. During the study, it was concluded that factor analysis allows us to examine the current state of innovation activity in the region and find the causes that have the greatest destructive effect on the indicator of innovation activity.

Relevance. The agro-industrial complex is one of the key sectors of the country's economy and includes such areas as: agriculture (livestock and crop production), processing of agricultural raw materials, production of fertilizers, chemicals, and feed. The agro-industrial complex works closely with enterprises involved in the transportation, storage, and processing of agricultural products, as a result, any changes in the agro-industrial complex affect the country's economy.

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the implementation of the federal project of the Russian Federation “Development of industries and technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Project) on structural changes in the agro-industrial complex.

Objectives: consideration of the objectives of the Federal project, its financial support for 2022-2024, analysis and assessment of economic and statistical indicators, identification and consideration of current problems within the framework of the project.

Methodology. The information base of the study consisted of official regulations, works of domestic researchers in the field of agriculture, collections of articles with collective authors, articles from magazines, statistical data, official websites of relevant departments and ministries.

Results. There are many problems in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, but there are also many promising areas for its development. These prospects are determined primarily by state policy in the field of supporting agriculture, the goal of which is the development of Russian farmers and increasing their role in the domestic and foreign markets.

Conclusions. A promising direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the revision of the entire financing system in order to provide business executives with funds for the purchase of mineral fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, materials, and high-quality feed in the volumes necessary for efficient production. Also requiring attention are such pressing issues as increasing wages for agricultural workers, which will attract young specialists to the village and, thereby, resolve the issue of shortage of qualified personnel.

Relevance. The implementation of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is largely related to the concentration on priority supply areas, peculiar drivers of growth in the export of agroindustrial complex products. The relevance of the article is based on the identification and assessment of product drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the export of agricultural products of the Russian Federation.

Objectives. This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks: analyzing the volume of exports of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation within the framework of the National Project "International Cooperation and Export" and the annual minimum permissible effectiveness of export support measures in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation under the FP "Export of agro-industrial complex" in 2021-2023; evaluation of food drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023 wheat, barley, corn, peas, lamb, pork milk powder.

Methodology. The work used well-known methods of economic research: systemic analysis, comparison, generalization, interpretation of results and other general scientific methods. In the process of research, the systematization of statistical data, scientific publications of scientists on the topic of the presented work was carried out.

Results. The analysis of the export of agricultural products of the Russian Federation was carried out and the assessment of the product drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023 was given: wheat, barley, corn, peas, lamb, pork, milk powder.

Conclusions. The main idea of the article is that it is exports that are the key driver of growth in the production of agricultural products of the Russian Federation. An important condition for the development of exports in our country is the opening of new markets, which is happening by 2024, access was obtained to more than 90 countries in 236 types of agricultural products. In addition, the number of enterprises certified for export is growing every year. 

Relevance. Currently, the field of online trading on Internet platforms is actively developing. Online resources allow customers to familiarize themselves with the assortment, read reviews based on them and personal preferences, make a choice and, in general, make purchases without leaving home. Marketplaces are becoming the main platform for online sales.

The purpose of the research is to develop a model for optimizing the process of communication with customers when organizing sales on Internet platforms.

Objectives: to study the theoretical aspects of the concept of "communication process in the marketplace"; to identify the key problems of the communication process between customers and the seller on the marketplace, to develop a project to optimize the business process of "Communication between customer and seller" in RTK; to form recommendations for optimizing the process of processing information from customers.

Methodology. The research is aimed at implementing the tasks set and is based on a review of scientific research by national and international market participants and a statistical analysis of the functioning of online trading platforms.

Results. During the analysis of the work of the communications department of RTK LLC, a method for automating the communication process between customers and the seller was proposed, namely, optimizing the process of processing customer feedback, while implementing an automated software product.

Conclusions. There are a huge number of technologies that can be implemented into the work of brands engaged in sales on the marketplace, and now this is becoming the most relevant, as the number of sellers in the market increases and competition between them becomes stronger. Mastering new digital technologies will allow trading companies to radically change the business ecosystem, make it faster and more efficient in order to meet the changing needs of customers.

Optimizing the process of communication with customers when organizing sales on Internet platforms will help reduce time costs and increase the efficiency of sales organizations.

Relevance. Due to the relevance of the problem under consideration in modern conditions, when the world is characterized by global financial instability and geo-economic fragmentation, the study of the characteristics of the functioning of the financial system during periods of various financial crises is of particular importance and can contribute to their better understanding.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of the financial system in conditions of the economic crisis.

Objectives: In accordance with the goal, the following tasks are predetermined and require solutions: to analyze the impact of global financial crises on the state of the financial system; based on the characteristics of the crises of 1990–1991, 2007–2008, 2020 and 2022 obtained as a result of the analysis, identify patterns of their occurrence and course, compare these crises; justify the findings.

Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods of study/cognition, logical-comparative method, cause-and-effect analysis, as well as graphical and tabular methods of reflecting research results.

Results. The article examines the impact of global financial crises on the state of the financial system. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the crises of 1990–1991, 2007–2008, 2020 and 2022, patterns of their occurrence and course were identified. The result of the study is a comparative table of the financial crises of 2008 and 2020, as well as 2020 and 2022. It has been established that the analyzed financial crises, despite significant differences, also have certain similar features.

Conclusions. The author's conclusions obtained can be used to predict the development of the financial system and develop Russian public policy in terms of justifying preventive measures to reduce the risks of future crises.

The relevance of the study is determined by the emergence and consolidation of new trends in the implementation of labor activity of the population in the context of digitalization and new challenges, as well as the need for their comprehensive study.

The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of freelance activity of the Russian population on online labor market platforms, as well as to identify a set of measures necessary to obtain benefits from the implementation of this type of activity in order to stabilize the labor market during a period of change and reduce social tension.

The objectives of the study are related to the analysis of supply and demand for the services of Russian freelancers on international online labor market platforms, including by comparing its positions with other countries; identifying measures to optimize the activities of online freelancers and stabilize the labor market during the period of change.

Methodology. The research was implemented using the method of collecting information from open Internet sources, tabular and graphical methods, the method of economic analysis, analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparison, logical method and systematic approach.

Results. It is determined that the freelance activity of the Russian population in the online format has great growth potential. The prerequisites for the development of online freelancing are highlighted, as well as the motives for Russian specialists entering the digital platforms of the global labor market. The analysis of the supply and demand of online freelancers on the largest online employment platforms in the period 2017-2022 was carried out. The specifics of Russia are revealed in comparison with the trends typical for China, India, Germany, Great Britain and the USA.

Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the high activity of Russian freelancers on the online platforms of the global labor market, about the predominantly growing dynamics of this market segment, as well as about the existing restrictions in this area, which can be overcome by greater support from the state.

Relevance. The socio-economic context of the importance of migration policy is represented by a wide range of areas. First of all, the intensity of migration processes significantly correlates with the state of the labor market, influencing the balance of supply and demand. The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of migration policy, both for the socio-economic development of the state and for ensuring national security in the strategic management horizon. The importance of building an effective migration policy has a significant level of importance for modern Russia. Taking into account the author’s position, the geopolitical situation and the retrospective history of international communications make Russia the center of gravity of migration flows, which requires the establishment of high-quality control not only over their intensity, but also over their structural content.

The purpose is to determine the most effective tools for improving migration policy, taking into account territorial specifics.

Objectives: to clarify the theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of state migration policy in Russia; reveal the features, analytical indicators and organizational mechanisms for implementing migration policy in Russia, taking into account the territorial specifics of the Kaliningrad region.

Methodology. The methodological “portfolio” of the study is built on the basis of the provisions of socioeconomic theories of migration process management using quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.

Results. A targeted analysis was carried out, as a result of which effective tools were identified for improving migration policy in the Kaliningrad region based on the adaptation of the universal migration project in the Kaliningrad city management system, creating the prerequisites for increasing its effectiveness and achieving target indicators.

Conclusion. Improving migration policy is an objective necessity in order to solve a number of socio-economic problems and minimize risks to national security.

Relevance. Cities are centers of attraction for people of different nationalities and cultures. In the context of urbanization and globalization, various ethnic cultures interact, which leads to their transformation. The study of ethnic culture in urban space makes it possible to understand how culture changes under the influence of new living conditions, which is especially important for the formation of intercultural relations and tolerant attitude towards representatives of other cultures and nationalities.

The purpose is to analyze theoretical studies of ethnic culture in urban space, including issues of tolerance, identity, and urban mentality.

Objectives: to consider the elements of ethnic culture; to analyze the connection between ethnic culture and urban space; to determine how identity manifests itself in urban space; to characterize cultural ethnic practices in urban space; to characterize the visual artifacts of ethnicity in urban space.

Methodology. The socio-cultural paradigm of studying urban space was used as the methodological basis of the study. The authors also applied general scientific methods: analysis, comparison, generalization.

Results. A theoretical analysis of the developments of domestic authors on the topic of manifestations of ethnic culture in urban space, including aspects of national symbols, architecture, mentality, identity, tolerance, is carried out.

Conclusions. Ethnic culture in urban space is a complex phenomenon encompassing socio-cultural and ethnodemographic aspects of urban community life. It finds expression in architecture, cultural practices of events, ornaments, everyday life, and the media. Today, despite the unification of everyday life and lifestyle, there are trends towards strengthening national identity, preserving national identity and cultural traditions, in particular through elements of urban public spaces.

Relevance. This article examines the topical issue of the role of the non-profit sector in urban development from a philosophical point of view. The authors cite key concepts that reveal the socio-legal aspects of the work of NGOs; define the socio-philosophical significance of the activities of non-profit organizations in Russian cities.

The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of volunteer initiatives of the non-profit sector on the development of creative locations of cities, the dynamics of territorial development.

Objectives: to determining the relationship of NGOs with the development of the creative potential of the city; socio-philosophical analysis of competitive materials of applications from non-profit organizations to civil society development funds; identification of directions for the formation of urban creative and innovative spaces created with the help of NGOs.

Methodology. The work uses a systematic method, an analytical review and synthesis of the information under study. The authors used materials from open data reports on the evaluation of the results of the projects of the winners of the competitions for grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society in 2022.

Results. The result is an idea of the socio-cultural modernization of the urban sphere. Initiative in the implementation of voluntary urban socially significant projects forms the sustainability of urban living conditions, the investment and image attractiveness of the city, and the positive migration issue. The interrelation between initiative projects of representatives of the non-profit sector and socio-cultural design of the environment, activation of the creative class, and improvement of the comfort level of urban areas is revealed. Modern active NGOs in Russian cities represent the avant-garde, implementing creative projects and broadcasting cultural trends, creative practices that define the conceptual meanings of the development of a particular city (region). Projects based on the voluntary aspirations of citizens and related to the assistance of specific social groups acquire a sustainable character of development and form the features of the city.

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the work of the non-profit sector in Russian cities is transforming urban spaces by developing creative resources and creative industries.

The relevance of the study is due to the intensive development of digital technologies, which is generated by a specific element of social space virtual space. The dynamic development of digital culture has led to the formation of processes and phenomena that significantly affect both the functioning of the social system and the socialization of an individual.

The purpose of the work is to reveal the features of the influence of digital culture on the socialization of a modern person.

Objectives: to characterize the phenomenon of digital culture; outline the features of socialization of a person in the conditions of digital culture.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the article includes: a systematic method that allows identifying the main elements of the space of digital culture, which determine the specifics of the socialization of a person; analysis and synthesis to reveal the essence and specifics of socialization in the space of digital culture.

Results. In modern socio-cultural conditions, the space of digital culture is defined as a specific factor of socialization, which led to the selection and establishment of a new concept of "digital socialization", which is considered to be a defining component of the socialization process of a person.

Conclusions. The space of digital culture creates more favorable conditions for the self-realization of the individual, since in it the results of the subject's creative activity are accepted by others as an acceptance of his individuality and the maximum activity of the individual is ensured when determining the trajectory of his development.

At the same time, actual or potentially negative results of transferring the process of socialization to the Internet space are highlighted. This, first of all, is far from being an equivalent replacement for real virtual-simulation communication; strengthening of social anomie; the dominance of fragmented and intuitive knowledge, as well as extreme value relativism in the process of innovative transformations in the sphere of socialization, etc.

Relevance. The relevance is due to the need to revise approaches to the theoretical understanding of the concepts of «human capital» and «reflexivity» as social phenomena, the need to identify the relationship between these phenomena.

The purpose is to show the possibilities of expanding the understanding of the phenomenon of human capital based on the analysis of existing theoretical approaches of various sciences to the concept of «reflexivity».

Objectives: to study the peculiarities of understanding the phenomenon of reflection in philosophy, psychology, sociology and to highlight the meaningful characteristics of reflexivity as a component of human capital in modern society.

Methodology. The author relies in the study on the possibilities of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of reflection. The sociological analysis is based on the ideas and principles of systemic, synergetic, sociocultural approaches. The starting point for the analysis of the phenomenon of human capital was the concept of V. S. Golubev.

Results. The article substantiates the idea that the transition to a new type of social organization, accompanied by the appearance of new characteristics in the social system, led to the development and strengthening of the importance of reflexivity of society. At the same time, the requirements for the individual are changing and the content of human capital is being revised. This process is conditioned by the need to increase awareness, objectivity of ideas about the system of social relations in conditions of expanding individual freedom, its role in social processes, increasing the volume of information produced by society and the subjects involved in this process.

Conclusions. Reflexivity as a characteristic of a social system has appeared relatively recently. The basis of its formation was the evolution of human psychological processes and a qualitative change in the living conditions of society. There is an expansion of the potential of the individual and society, and, on the other hand, the risks that she has to face. The ability to reflect is considered as part of the intellectual and spiritual capital of the individual. It presupposes the activity of the individual in the perception of social processes and events, which was previously the lot of the elite, the development of sophisticated intellectual mechanisms for working with information, analyzing their own and others' experiences.

Relevance. An analysis of the problems of modern science and practice shows that the process of transition from one model of economic development to another, better one, implies the emergence of a number of phenomena characteristic of a market economy. For example, such a concept as “economic efficiency”. This concept is used by almost all business entities at different levels, since it allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of the condition of the object. Scientists from different times have studied this concept; accordingly, there are different interpretations and methods for determining economic efficiency. The works contain completely different interpretations of the concept under consideration, implying its different properties and elements. The situation is caused by the versatility and multidimensionality of this concept. Therefore, the formation of modern approaches to determining economic efficiency, which will sufficiently correspond to the general theory of performance management and modern requirements of the economy and society, is extremely necessary.

The purpose is to substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to determining economic efficiency.

Objectives: consider the concept of “efficiency”; establish the relationship between “efficiency” and the concepts of “effect” and “effectiveness”; identify common and distinctive features of these concepts; determine the essence of economic efficiency; consider the main approaches to evaluating effectiveness.

Methodology: comparative analysis, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, logical analysis.

Results. The article discusses the concept of “efficiency”, their relationship with the concepts of “effect” and “effectiveness”. The general and distinctive features of these concepts are established, the essence of economic efficiency is determined, and the main approaches to their assessment are considered.

Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it was substantiated that economic efficiency consists of such elements as: the ability to assess the degree of achievement of the set goal, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view; the need to use a systematic approach to calculate economic efficiency; taking into account the time factor and the limitation of all resources necessary to calculate economic efficiency.