Relevance. Export activity is a subject to state regulation in the context of ensuring the realization of national interests and stimulating the production of technological products with high added value, as well as an effective means of advancing political interests. In Russia, export performance cannot be considered satisfactory due to its commodity structure, which is dominated by raw materials. Imports are dominated by processed goods with higher added value.
The purpose of the paper is to formulate measures for the development of export activities in Russia.
Objectives: to review the state of Russia's export activities in the context of sanctions restrictions; identify the key factors that limit export activities in Russia; analyze the main legal acts that have a direct impact on the development of exports; and formulate proposals for the development of export activities in Russia.
Methodology. It was conducted the analysis of regulatory documents governing key aspects of export activities in Russia. Using inductive and deductive methods, the authors have attempted to assess the prospects for Russia realizing its logistics potential.
Results. An analysis of Bank of Russia data, along with the authors’ assessments, have allowed to identify internal factors limiting exports. The first group of factors relates to problems with implementing export customs procedures. The second group of factors relates to the development of Russia’s transport and logistics complex and its participation in international trade flows. As a result, problematic aspects were systematized and directions for export development were proposed.
Conclusion. To develop export activity in Russia, efforts must be focused on transforming the economic structure with a focus on high-value-added products, realizing the potential for developing the country’s transport and logistics potential, and expanding the use of digital technologies in government agencies to reduce the burden on businesses.

Relevance. African farmers, together with specialized communities from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), are making efforts to ensure that agricultural products in African markets are accessible to the population, but there are a number of problems that do not depend on the climate, on efforts to produce and grow raw materials, but affect the harvest, on its Delivery and storage are weak, undeveloped logistics, infrastructure, storage and processing of raw materials, and insufficient investment in all these technological processes.
The purpose is to study the nature of the introduction of technological innovations to overcome the structural problems of the agro‒food system in Africa.
Objectives: to identify megatrends that will have an impact on the formation of African food systems in the next decade; to study the innovative experience of developing agricultural and food production in some African countries.
Methodology. The methodological tools of the research include scientific methods for analyzing general and specialized literature published in the public domain, accounting documentation from organizations such as AfCFTA, CAADP, CTA; statistical and analytical data from international organizations (OECD, FAO, ITU); current scientific publications by foreign authors on the research topic.
Results. The concept of the food system is studied, which takes into account the managerial, economic, social and cultural aspects of food; the levels of agricultural transformation of the countries of the African continent; the problems of agricultural productivity in Africa. The experience of the development of agricultural and food production, taking into account the innovative information technologies of some African countries, is considered.
Conclusions. The factors hindering the development of innovations in the agricultural and food sector are highlighted, and ways to overcome these factors are proposed. Despite the differentiated access to digital technologies within African countries, it is possible to note the efforts of the public sector, private investors and international non-governmental organizations to develop and implement digital technologies in the agro-food sector in Africa in order to advance countries towards food security.

Relevance. Beet farming is a significant industry in the Russian economy, and the Kursk Region is a major beet growing region in the Russian Federation. Currently, an important role is being played by analyzing the dynamics and components of sugar beet production costs, which allows us to identify which items of expenditure can be optimized in order to increase the profitability of sugar beet production.
The purpose is to analyze the dynamics and cost structure of sugar beet production in the Kursk region, to identify trends and causes of changes.
Objectives. To identify the main patterns in the development of beet farming in the Kursk region in 2015‒2024. To analyze production costs, their dynamics and structure, to propose the main directions of reducing the cost of sugar beet production in the region.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on an analytical review of published scientific literature, online resources, and the use of normative reference materials. The study used data from specialized reporting of agricultural enterprises in the Kursk region. The research was conducted on the basis of descriptive and statistical methods of analysis, the method of comparative analysis, etc.
Results. As a result of the study, the main trends in the development of beet farming in the Kursk region over a ten-year period are considered. The main reasons for the change in sugar beet production costs in the region have been identified, and the reasons for their growth have been substantiated. It is established that during the analyzed period there are three periods of growth and cost reduction. The efficiency of labor organization and the rational use of labor at agricultural enterprises of the Kursk region growing sugar beet has been studied. The level of intensification of sugar beet production is estimated. Measures to optimize production costs in the beet industry of the region are proposed.
Conclusions. To increase the efficiency of sugar beet production, the main task facing agricultural enterprises is to reduce the cost of producing the crop under study. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce material costs, logistics and labor costs, optimize acreage and sugar beet production, conclude long-term processing contracts, reduce the delivery radius, etc.

The relevance is due to the need for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial and economic differentiation of the digital development of the federal districts of Russia in the context of increasing regional imbalances and the formation of a new paradigm of technological modernization. In the context of global digital transformation, there is an increase in the complexity of the structure of the economic space, where technological, institutional and socioeconomic factors determine the emergence of stable asymmetries between the leading regions and peripheral territories. Of particular importance is the study of the mechanisms of reproduction of digital inequality, which affect the competitiveness of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of national digital policies.
The purpose of the study is to identify the institutional and technological determinants of the digital development of the federal districts of Russia and the development of scientifically based recommendations to reduce regional disparities based on the concept of "smart decentralization."
Objectives: analysis of spatial differentiation of digitalization indicators; identification of key factors that determine the technological inequality of the regions; assessment of the effects of resource-technological symbiosis in regions with raw materials specialization; development of a typology of regions according to the level of digital maturity; formulation of strategic directions for harmonization of the digital space.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is based on the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, including modified methods for calculating digitalization indices, spatial-econometric modeling and cluster analysis. The conceptual apparatus integrates the provisions of theories of technological structures, institutional economics and endogenous growth, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of regional imbalances in the multidimensional analytical space.
The results of the study revealed a stable three-level hierarchy of digital development of federal districts, characterized by pronounced polarization of technological potential. A synergistic effect of techno-institutional complementarity has been established in the leading regions, accompanied by dysfunctional phenomena of the "Dutch disease." The paradox of resource-technological symbiosis in industrially oriented regions and the phenomenon of a "double digital economy" in districts with pronounced intraregional inequality were revealed.
The conclusions findings justify the need for a differentiated regional policy that combines the promotion of endogenous innovation processes, the creation of digital special economic zones, and the formation of interregional technological chains.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the strategic importance and practical significance of the transition of the regions of the Russian Federation to a digital economy model in the context of import substitution and external sanctions restrictions.
The purpose of the study is to assess the development of the digital economy in the Kursk region and its impact on the region's key industries.
Objectives: to analyze the existing theoretical approaches to defining the concept of "digital economy", to examine the development of the digital economy in the Kursk Region from 1990 to the present, to determine the extent of the impact of digital technologies on the key sectors of the region's economy, to identify the challenges of digitalization in the Kursk Region, and to propose a set of measures to address these challenges.
Methodology. The study used theoretical, statistical (analysis of official Kurskstat data for the period 2019-2023), and comparative analysis. A descriptive method was used to provide a detailed description of the stages of digitalization and assess the impact of technologies on the region's economic sectors.
Results. Periodization analysis from the 1990s to the present c., revealed a new stage of the digital economy of the Kursk region from 2022, characterized by import substitution and strengthening IT education. Statistical analysis confirmed a recovery in innovation activity after the recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristic features of digitalization of the Kursk region are: the significant role of the agricultural and industrial complex; sustained growth in digital infrastructure; dependence on federal initiatives; social orientation. Key problems have been identified that negatively affect the process of digitalization of the economy in the Kursk region: "brain drain"; intra-regional "digital inequality"; use of obsolete equipment; high cost of introducing digital technologies and low digital literacy of the population.
Conclusions. The Kursk Region has developed a sustainable model of digital transformation of the economy. Despite the existing challenges, the region is experiencing positive dynamics in terms of innovation activity and the purposeful introduction of digital technologies in key sectors of the economy. The development of digitalization in the region is systematic, supported by national projects, and has a positive impact on all key sectors, ultimately contributing to the growth of the gross regional product. The paper summarizes practical measures aimed at overcoming digital inequality, stimulating innovation, and strengthening human resources.

Relevance. National security issues have gained particular relevance in recent years in light of the complicated geopolitical situation and the escalation of armed conflicts. In the context of an armed conflict, an important role is given to the effective and uninterrupted operation of the enterprises of the country's military-industrial complex, which must regularly supply the troops with the required number of weapons and military, special equipment for the successful implementation of the assigned military tasks. The main tool for implementing military policy and achieving the set strategic goals to maintain the country's defense capability is the State Defense Order.
Purpose. The study is aimed at identifying problems associated with the implementation of tasks within the framework of the state defense order to maintain and provide troops with weapons and special military equipment for the successful implementation of tasks in the zone of military conflicts.
Objectives. The following tasks were set and consistently solved in the article: the main traditional system for monitoring the implementation of the state defense order by the controlling structures is described; the practice of supplying weapons and military equipment was analyzed; emphasis is placed on the production of especially popular samples; the reasons for supply disruptions under the state defense order are systematized and analyzed.
Methodology. Methods of analogy, generalization, visualization and graphical presentation of data were used in the work, methods of synthesis and analysis of terms were used to assess the causes of supply disruptions.
Results: assessment of plans and mechanisms for the implementation of work on the implementation of the state defense order in the context of military conflicts in various national jurisdictions; analysis of the causes of supply disruptions and the fulfillment of the work schedule for the production of especially demanded weapons and equipment.
Conclusions. National security during armed conflicts should be provided with flexible tools to maintain the integrity of the state and its work.

Relevance. This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on socio-economic processes through the lens of emergent phenomena. Emergence refers to the appearance of new, previously unforeseen properties within complex systems, leading to significant transformations in the economy and society. In the era of rapid digitalization and automation, AI is beginning to play a key role in reshaping the labor market, redistributing economic centers, and developing new models of employment.
The Purpose is the study aims to identify the key emergent phenomena arising from the implementation of AI, to analyze their impact on the labor market, resource redistribution, and social structures, and to propose possible adaptation strategies.
Objectives. The research tasks focus on identifying and analyzing emergent phenomena emerging from AI integration into the economy, determining their influence on labor markets, industrial structures, and social processes, as well as developing models that describe these transformations.
Methodology. The study employs econometric modeling, corporate data analysis, futurist forecasting, and computer simulations to identify patterns of change in the economy.
Results. Mathematical models have been developed to assess the degree of AI’s impact on the labor market, the dynamics of economic processes, and the potential social consequences of digital transformation. The findings indicate that AI implementation leads to a reduction in the demand for routine labor, the automation of intellectual professions, and the emergence of new fields of employment related to technology management and development. However, these processes are accompanied by risks such as increased social inequality, the concentration of economic power within large technological corporations, and the displacement of traditional employment centers.
Conclusions. The article proposes recommendations for reforming the education system, modernizing tax policy, and regulating the digital economy to minimize the negative effects of technological transformation. The results obtained can be used to forecast the long-term consequences of AI development, to formulate strategies for its integration into the economy, and to ensure sustainable social development.

Relevance. This article provides a comprehensive study of the economic security of mesoterritories, which is considered as the qualitative state of regional socio-economic systems that ensure sustainability, development and the ability to withstand internal and external threats in conditions of global instability. The relevance of the topic is due to the strengthening of regional asymmetry, sanctions pressure and the need to ensure import independence in key sectors of the real sector of the economy.
The purpose of the work is to develop a conceptual approach to the study and assessment of the economic security of the region based on systematic analysis, which makes it possible to determine the place of the subject in the economic space ‒ the federal district.
Objectives. As the objectives of the study, factor signs were identified and formed, which served as an effective tool for identifying (based on the rating and indicative index) the economic state of the regions.
Methodology. The methodological basis of scientific research was the methods of analysis, synthesis, clustering, as well as the use of statistical methods that determine indicators and indices of the development of territories, taking into account spatial characteristics. Scientific novelty lies in the formation of an integrated system for the study and assessment of mesoterritories, which makes it possible to diagnose the stability of socio-economic systems, and is distinguished by the possibility of using a number of indicators to determine the rating of subjects from the point of view of economic security, which takes into account the resources and potential of territories based on the statistical significance of factors, the level of relationship between them, which makes it possible to weed out and not take into account a sufficiently large combination of them.
The results are an effective methodological tool for monitoring and diagnosing the economic security of mesoterritories, tested on the example of the regions of the Central Federal District.
Conclusion. The main conclusions of the study are the formation of a rating comprehensive assessment of the safety of regional systems, which makes it possible to determine their place in the federal district on the basis of socio-economic significant characteristics.

Relevance. In modern conditions, the problem of ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is aggravated. One of the tools for its solution is the dynamization of scientific and innovative growth, but various possibilities of the regions in the field under consideration should be taken into account. On the one hand, the active development of science and innovation should contribute to accelerating the pace of socio-economic growth, on the other hand ‒ in regions with an insufficiently high level of economic development, the development and launch of innovative projects is not possible due to the lack of the required amount of investment. Thus, the problem arises of analyzing the interdependence of socio-economic and scientificinnovative development.
The purpose of the study ‒ to assess causality between innovative and socioeconomic growth using the Granger Casuality Test, which allows processes to be assessed with time lags in mind.
Objectives: identification of causal relationships between current and capital investments in research and development and the value of the gross regional product; classification of regions by types of causality; determining optimal time lags between variable changes.
Methodology. The Grainger test is applied to analyze the causal relationships between the gross regional product and investments in research and development with the determination of optimal time lags, provided that the time series of the studied indicators are stationary.
Results. The study made it possible to determine that for most subjects of the district, it is the current investments in research and development that act as the reason for the change in the gross regional product, in some regions there is a dependence on capital expenditures in research and development activities.
Conclusions. Based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that it is impossible to identify the causes among the factors under consideration, since there is mutual autocorrelation, which indicates the presence of other parameters that affect the change in the variables under consideration. The proposed approach is universal and can be used by regional authorities in building strategies for managing the socio-economic growth of territories, taking into account the lags that ensure the maximum return on innovation in the scientific and innovation sphere.

Relevance. In the current context, anti-Russian sanctions are a key factor determining the dynamics of the Russian economy and its level of economic security, leading to increased attention to assessing their impact. In this context, an in-depth analysis of the impact of sanctions on the economic security of the real sector of the economy, which serves as the foundation for achieving stability and sustainability of the national economy as a whole, is required.
The purpose of the study is develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy.
Objectives: analyze the mechanism by which sanctions influence the Russian economy; provide a scientific basis for the key stages of the methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy; test this methodology using data for 2011‒2024; and provide a meaningful interpretation of the results.
Methods. Quantitative and qualitative, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods for comparing economic phenomena and processes, graphical and matrix modeling, the index method, and scenario and systems approach tools were used.
Results. The real sector of the economy is the core of the country's economy, determining its resilience to sanctions. Therefore, ensuring the economic security of the real sector in the face of increasing sanctions pressure is a priority. To address this, this paper presents a scientifically substantiated methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy. This methodology consists of a sequentially implemented set of five stages. This methodology is based on publicly available Rosstat data on the dynamics of gross value added and the share of the real sector in the national economy. A matrix model for interpreting the results obtained using the developed methodology is proposed. The theoretical propositions of the study advance the theory of economic security.
Conclusions. The authors' methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy under sanctions, based on available statistical data, allows not only to model the situation and assess the state of economic security, but also to develop a scientifically sound forecast of short-term changes in the situation, considering recommended measures to ensure economic security. The applied findings of the study may be useful to government officials and the management of enterprises in the real sector of the economy when substantiating measures and developing strategies and programs to strengthen economic security under sanctions.

The relevance of studying the current state of the Russian financial market is due to significant changes caused by geopolitical factors and sanctions restrictions. The new conditions for financial market participants are driven by both exogenous challenges and threats, as well as the widespread adoption of digital services and technologies. The digital transformation of the financial environment and the high level of uncertainty caused by external circumstances create a need for innovative financial products and services, as well as shape a new innovative landscape.
The purpose of the study is to comprehensively examine the deep-seated structural transformations of the domestic financial market and develop new approaches to strategic investment in the new conditions.
The objectives of the study are to assess the dynamics of the debt and equity segments of the financial market, systematize the key trends of its development, and focus on external shocks.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach that combines methods of systematic and comparative analysis, statistical processing of empirical data on the subject of research, and data visualization.
The results of the study confirm the need to develop adaptive investment strategies for financial market participants aimed at increasing their resilience in the current conditions. It is substantiated that the architecture of the financial market is evolving towards a model dominated by state and quasi-state capital. The analysis confirms a decrease in the interest of domestic investors in strategic assets, a shorter planning horizon, and an increase in the speculative component.
Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that the prospects for the development of the Russian financial market depend on its ability to adapt to the new reality, minimizing systemic threats and finding new growth opportunities in the context of structural transformation.

Relevance. In the context of the accelerated digital transformation of tax administration, the deep transformation of the business environment (including the growth of self-employment and the reduction of the number of legal entities) and the transition to risk-oriented control, the need for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the Federal Tax Service, the Russian Federation, taking into account both fiscal and qualitative indicators, including the level of service and digital maturity of the system.
The purpose of the study ‒ to assess the effectiveness of the control activities of the tax authorities of the Russian Federation based on an analysis of the dynamics of tax revenues, collection, debt, as well as structural changes in the composition of taxpayers and tax control models for 2020-2024.
Objectives. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the dynamics of the number of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and self-employed; assessment of the effectiveness of desk and field inspections; study of the volume of additional charges; study of the level of digitalization of interaction with taxpayers and changes in staffing of the Federal Tax Service.
Methodology. The paper uses system, comparative and structural-logical analysis, as well as quantitative methods for processing statistics: grouping, index, trend and SWOT analysis. The information base was compiled by official data from the Federal Tax Service of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and Rosstat.
Results. It was established that tax revenues increased 2.7 times (up to 56.3 trillion rubles), the number of field inspections decreased by 47.5% while maintaining their effectiveness at 97.4%, the volume of additional charges increased by 63% (up to 408 billion rubles), the number of self-employed increased 7.6 times (up to 12.17 million), and coverage of digital offices ‒ from 22 to 66.7 million people with a reduction in the number of personnel of the Federal Tax Service by 2%.
Conclusions. The tax administration model of the Federal Tax Service of Russia demonstrates high adaptability and efficiency, however, it requires further development of trust relations with taxpayers, strengthening preventive control, differentiating approaches depending on the risk profile and increasing the tax literacy of the population.

The relevance of this study arises from Mongolia’s emerging retail investment landscape, where public participation in the stock market remains limited. The insufficient understanding of individual investment behavior complicates efforts to enhance financial inclusion. Examining socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics helps identify the incentives and constraints shaping investment decisions and strengthens the foundation for long-term financial culture.
The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of how socio-demographic and behavioral factors influence both the likelihood of participating in the stock market and the amount invested, as well as to clarify the mechanisms through which differences in investment behavior emerge.
Objectives. The objectives include evaluating the effects of gender, age, household size, and income on the probability of purchasing stocks; assessing how investment horizon, education, prior experience, and specialized training affect investment amounts; and comparing model specifications to identify stable determinants of investment activity.
Methodology. The methodology relies on a dataset of 868 respondents collected over sixteen days, of whom 519 were identified as active investors. A probit model is applied to estimate participation probabilities, while a Tobit model examines the determinants of investment amounts.
Results. The findings show that gender, age, household size, and income significantly influence participation decisions, whereas income, gender, investment horizon, education, experience, and training strongly increase investment volume.
Conclusions. The study highlights the need to expand financial education, strengthen practice-oriented training, and promote long-term planning as key measures to increase public engagement and support the development of a more robust investment environment in Mongolia.

The relevance of studying the role and possibilities of using chatbots in the banking sector is due to the global transition to a digital economy and the need to constantly improve the quality of customer service. The modern banking industry is facing significant challenges due to the growing popularity of mobile devices, the widespread use of smart assistants, and the increasing demands for convenient and fast services. These factors necessitate the modernization of existing customer service approaches and the development of effective digital solutions to meet the growing expectations of users.
The purpose is to analyze the use of chatbots in the banking industry and explore their capabilities and limitations.
Objectives. To achieve this goal, a number of interrelated tasks need to be solved: to analyze the existing scientific and methodological literature on the problems of implementing and using chatbots in the banking sector; to determine the current state of the banking chatbot market and characterize the best practices of using chatbots by leading global banks; to identify the factors that contribute to the successful integration of chatbots into the customer service system and propose models for implementing these technologies; and to develop recommendations for further development and scaling of the use of chatbots in Russian banks.
Methodology. The research methodology includes empirical and analytical methods, as well as comparative and statistical analysis.
Results. Recommendations for the effective use of chatbots in the banking environment have been identified, and a concept for the gradual introduction of chatbots into a financial organization has been created, along with recommendations for improving customer service. A comparative analysis has been conducted between banks that actively use chatbots and those that still rely on traditional methods of customer service.
Conclusions. The study has revealed that the implementation of chatbots can significantly improve the quality of customer service, reduce the costs of banks, and strengthen their position in the market. These technologies are particularly effective in solving repetitive tasks, quickly processing large volumes of requests, and assisting users in performing everyday activities.

Relevance. Based on the United Nations statistics on the decline in the global total fertility rate, the worldwide increase in poverty, the activation of private and public structures in the field of digitalization in all areas of life, as well as public spending on academic education, it was concluded that the goal of the global digitalization process is to fully control human behavior, knowledge, and skills. The study used a synergistic-institutional approach.
The purpose of this study is to identify the economic and political reasons for the substitution of classical education by the widespread implementation of the concept of "lifelong learning" and the transition to distance education in the context of global digital transformation.
Objectives. The objectives of the study are to identify the differences between the concepts of "education" and "learning"; to analyze the tasks and prospects of continuous learning; to compare the quality, accessibility, and prospects of classical and distance education in the context of digital transformations; to assess the impact of digital transformations on the labor market and education; and to provide a forecast of the role of digitalization in increasing the level of exploitation of the global population.
Methodology. The study is based on a synergistic-institutional approach, as well as methods of political economy (formal-logical and dialectical).
The results of the study showed that the concept of "lifelong learning" is implemented in modern conditions not so much as a humanistic idea of self-development, but rather as a tool for adapting individuals to the ever-changing requirements of the labor market and the digital economy.
Conclusions. The study concludes that the processes of digitalization of education and the promotion of the concept of lifelong learning should be viewed as part of a global economic and political transformation.

Relevance. For many centuries, humanity has been drawn into an endless number of wars and conflicts. The conduct of military operations always creates an objective need to study the future theater of war by integrating cultural understanding into the planning, preparation, and execution of military operations. The experience of the United States can be particularly useful, as American sociology was at the forefront of military sociology. The conflictual reality of the present is forcing the Russian scientific community to consolidate and turn to foreign experience, in which social sciences are given a special place, and their sociocultural potential opens up new horizons for cognitive and research activities.
The purpose s to present the possibilities of interaction between social sciences and the U.S. Department of Defense in the implementation of research projects such as Camelot, Human Landscape Systems, and Minerva.
Objectives: to characterize the significance of the cultural factor in warfare; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the "cultural turn" in the strategy and tactics of the U.S. Army's warfare; and to illustrate the measures of social support for combat veterans.
The methodology is based on a sociocultural approach, which allowed us to present the practices of interaction between social sciences and the U.S. Army's management bodies.
Results. The article describes the main social projects that identified the causes of failures in military conflicts involving the U.S. Army and formed the basis for the "cultural turn" in the relationship between social sciences and the military. It shows that combat veterans play a special role in conducting sociological research.
Conclusions. The use of an interdisciplinary approach based on sociocultural methodology allows for the integration of social sciences into military research and the development of effective solutions tailored to the specific characteristics of each military conflict.

Relevance. The socio-economic well-being of the population is both a reflection of the level and quality of life in the region, and an indicator of the effectiveness of regional government policies, measures to reduce the risks of destabilization of social relations, and taking into account the interests of various socio-demographic groups.
The purpose is of an analysis of the socio-economic well-being of residents of the Volga Federal District.
Objectives: determination of subjective assessments of respondents, their perception of changes caused by the pressure of anti-Russian sanctions; analysis of regional differentiation in assessments of the problematization of the main spheres of public life.
Methodology. Sociological survey of the population of the Volga Federal District, the number of respondents was 1320 people.
Results of the study showed that residents of the Volga region reacted very painfully to the introduction of antiRussian sanctions, they gave negative assessments of the changes that occurred in most areas of public life. The most critical interpretations of changes in lifestyle, employment, and consumption are typical for residents of the Saratov region. Anxiety and uncertainty about the future were most often noted by respondents living in the Republic of Mordovia. A more favorable situation for this indicator was recorded in the responses of residents of the Republic of Mari El and Chuvashia. Rural residents of the Volga region demonstrated increased resistance to crisis phenomena in the economy in their responses, their assessments of the changes that occurred were more positive in comparison with city dwellers. Rural residents less often noted problems with employment, housing, and consumption.
Conclusions. Geopolitical transformations and economic turbulences are reflected in subjective assessments of the well-being of the population, determining the growth of anxiety, uncertainty about the future, and deterioration of socio-economic well-being. The role of regional authorities in this context is seen in mitigating the negative consequences of the economic crisis, providing support measures to the most vulnerable socio-demographic groups.

Relevance. In the context of transforming social reality, expanding consumer space, and the increasing role of digital media, consumer behavior is acquiring a pronounced symbolic character. For student youth, who are at the stage of developing their life strategies and social identity, consumer practices are becoming an important tool for self-expression and social differentiation. Under these circumstances, the need for a sociological analysis of consumer behavior as a factor in the formation of student social identity is growing.
The purpose of the study was to identify the role of consumer behavior in the formation of student social identity.
The objectives: analyzing theoretical approaches to the study of consumer behavior and social identity; identifying patterns of student consumer behavior; determining the influence of significant social environments on the formation of consumer practices; and classifying student groups based on dominant consumption patterns.
The methodology was based on a qualitative sociological approach. The empirical basis for this study was the results of a sociological study conducted in-depth interviews in May 2025 among third- and fourth-year students at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (N = 17). The theoretical foundation of the study was based on the concepts of P. Bourdieu, I. Goffman, T. Veblen, M. Weber, and E. Erickson.
Results. The study identified the main models of consumer behavior among students: rational (conscious) and image-based (symbolic). It was established that the social environment of young people significantly influences their choice of consumer practices. Depending on the dominant consumption patterns, students were divided into groups: minimalists, fashionistas, and tech-savvy consumers.
Conclusions. The consumer behavior of students fulfills a symbolic function and is a significant factor in the formation of social identity. The results demonstrate the need for organizational efforts in the educational environment of modern universities to focus on developing conscious consumption competencies and financial literacy among students.  

Relevance. This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of Karl Popper's concept of "three worlds" in relation to the content of the Soviet animated film "Polygon" from 1977. The article reflects the idea of a scientist's responsibility for the people around them. In the context of modern scientific capabilities, the topic of a scientist's ethics is particularly relevant.
Purpose. The main purpose of this research is to analyze and interpret Karl Popper's concept of "three worlds" in the context of the Soviet animated film "Polygon" from 1977. The objectives of this article are: 1) analysis of the relationship between the "three worlds" in the teachings of Karl Popper in the context of the cartoon "Polygon"; 2) study of the ethics of a scientist using the example of the cartoon "Polygon".
Methodology. includes a philosophical analysis of Popper's concept, a semiotic analysis of the elements of the cartoon, and a cThe research methodology includes a philosophical analysis of Popper's concept, a semiotic analysis of the elements of the cartoon, and a comparative approach to establish connections between them.
Results. The animated film "Polygon", directed by Anatoly Petrov and based on a short story by Sever Gansovsky, tells the story of the creation of an "unmanned" tank capable of reading enemy thoughts and responding to fear impulses. The physical embodiment of the tank and its functioning at the testing ground are considered elements of World 1. The characters' subjective experiences ‒ the soldiers' fear, the inventor's grief, the plot for revenge ‒ are interpreted as manifestations of World 2. The most interesting aspect is the analysis of the tank's artificial intelligence, its ability to "learn" and make decisions, as well as the very idea of a «perfect weapon» and the film's anti-war message as components of World 3. The work demonstrates how objective knowledge, embodied in the tank's algorithms and cultural products (the idea of a weapon, the anti-war narrative), can be autonomous and exert a causal influence on the physical world through mental states.
Conclusions. The cartoon "Polygon" offers rich material for illustrating and understanding Popper's model, particularly in regard to the interaction between World 2 and World 3, as well as the autonomy of World 3. The findings highlight the relevance of philosophical reflection on technological progress and the moral and ethical dilemmas presented in works of art. This article contributes to interdisciplinary research at the intersection of the philosophy of science, cultural theory, and animation, offering a new perspective for understanding classical philosophical concepts through the lens of art.

Relevance. The problem of the fear of death and spiritual awakening of the individual occupies a central place in the religious and philosophical heritage of Leo Tolstoy and remains relevant in the context of the contemporary crisis of values and meanings. Turning to the existential experience underlying Tolstoy’s anthropology makes it possible to reconsider the nature of human freedom, responsibility, and nonviolence as an alternative to social and ideological violence.
The purpose is to analyze the role of the fear of death in the formation of Leo Tolstoy’s philosophical and religious anthropology and to identify the mechanisms of spiritual awakening of the individual in his religious philosophy.
Objectives: include identifying the significance of the existential experience of death in Tolstoy’s worldview crisis, analyzing the opposition between «animal» and «spiritual» life, revealing the role of the internal moral law of love in overcoming the fear of death, as well as determining the connection of these ideas with the formation of Tolstoy’s ethics of nonviolence.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study includes historical and comparative methods, as well as critical analysis.
Results. It is established that the fear of death in Tolstoy’s philosophy acts as a key existential impulse initiating the spiritual transformation of the individual. It is shown that overcoming this fear is achieved through the transition to a spiritual mode of life based on love, conscience, and the rejection of violence.
Conclusion. The existential comprehension of death constitutes a system-forming element of Tolstoy’s religious philosophy and determines his understanding of the human being as a creature capable of inner moral awakening and spiritual freedom.

Relevance. With the development of digital technologies, the analysis of the form and content of contemporary digital art has become a priority research task, necessitating a discussion of the typology of digital art and the mechanisms by which societal values are shaped within a philosophical, cultural, value-based, and economic context. In today's context, the study of the mechanisms of digital art as a system for shaping traditional values is particularly relevant.
The purpose is to develop a conceptual framework for the mechanism by which digital art influences the formation of traditional value systems.
Objectives: to identify the essence of digital art and its attributes, develop its typology, and identify the channels through which digital art influences traditional value systems.
Methodology. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of digital art interpretation based on value-based, cultural, technological, and economic approaches. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and content analysis, a review of scientific research, and general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used.
Results. This article summarizes approaches to understanding digital art, identifies its attributes ‒ technological development, social interaction, and economic performance, and defines a matrix for the application of digital tools in contemporary art forms. Elements that determine the effectiveness of digital art as a communication channel in the formation of traditional values are identified: digital inclusivity, interactivity, social interaction, mass appeal, and institutionalization.
Conclusions. Understanding the multifaceted nature of digital art is the basis for examining its impact on traditional value systems. The results obtained will allow for the further development of approaches to the formation of creative industries and the art market, as well as the refinement of tools for the development of digital art markets.

Relevance. Competitiveness is a fundamental condition for the development of food industry enterprises in the context of crisis and external challenges. Because in conditions of uncertainty, the formation of competitive advantages allow to consolidate the position in the market, accelerate the pace of development of enterprises and achieve a sustainable situation. In conditions of sanctions pressure, growing competition from foreign producers and their activity on the Russian market, the issue of ensuring the competitiveness of domestic food industry enterprises becomes a primary and relevant task at both macro-, meso- and micro levels. Therefore, there is a need to develop a strategy and tactical tools that help increase the competitive position of domestic producers in the food industry and achieve the sustainable position of such enterprises both on the domestic and foreign markets.
The purpose of the study is to strategies and develop a universal tactical plan in the form of a roadmap aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of food industry enterprises in the Russian Federation in conditions of uncertainty.
Objectives: the study has set and consistently solved the following tasks: to determine the characteristics of ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in the food industry, to identify problems, to analyze ways of providing competitive advantages for enterprises in the food sector, develop a strategy and tactical tools to ensure the competitive advantage of enterprises engaged in food production in times of crisis and external challenges.
Methodology. The paper uses a theoretical review of domestic and foreign authors concerned with ensuring competitiveness in food production. Special methods were used in the study: modelling and case studies.
Results. Based on the conducted research, a strategy was defined and a universal tactical tool in the format roadmap was developed is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of food processing enterprises suitable for both producers of food products with a long shelf life and producers of perishable products.
Conclusions. The study concluded that the choice of strategy and development of tactical tools allows to increase the competitive position of domestic food producers and maintain their stable position in the market under conditions of economic instability and external challenges.