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Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management

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Vol 12, No 1 (2022)
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TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND NATIONAL ECONOMY

10-22 131
Abstract

In modern conditions, close relations between the two member states of the UN Security Council - Russia and China, are a unique phenomenon and open up tremendous opportunities for the transformation of the existing system of international relations and the transition to a new era. In addition to the obvious prerequisites for cooperation, such as a common border, both powers are in a state of confrontation with the West, oppose interference in their internal affairs, and therefore seek to pursue an independent sovereign policy, defending their own national interests.

The purpose is to study the priority areas of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the context of a pandemic and the prospects for this relationship.

Objectives: consider the dynamics of trade between Russia and China from 2016 to 2020; to study and visualize the dynamics of the trade balance for 2016-2020; explore the prospects for long-term trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.

Methodology. The article uses the method of statistical analysis of data from the Russia and the China on such indicators as the share of the PRC in the export / import of the Russian Federation, to study the trade balance of the two countries; used the method of comparative analysis of the dynamics of trade between Russia and China for the period from 2016 to 2020, an illustrative-graphical method.

Results. Cooperation is based on interaction in various areas, which include joint integration projects and initiatives, which is a feature of modernity and the development of global foreign economic relations. Both sides - Moscow and Beijing - are interested in developing cooperation in the economic sphere, however, their interaction in this area should be more diversified in order to meet the needs of both states in the future and meet their national interests without prejudice to each other. It is necessary to increase the pace and expand the spectrum and boundaries of investment cooperation, extending it to new areas of interaction.

Conclusions. It is concluded that the Russian Federation and the PRC are strengthening their partnership, implementing large-scale economic projects, investing in new priority areas: technology and space. The practice of bilateral interaction testifies to the readiness of countries for long-term projects that open up prospects in the economy.

23-36 217
Abstract

Relevance. At the beginning of the second decade of the XXI century. economic relations between the United States and the European Union continue to largely determine the development trends of the global economy and the world financial system. The stable dynamics of the transatlantic flows of goods, services and capital reflects the traditional proximity of the models of economic development of the United States and Western Europe, the stability of the existing ties, and the high effective demand of both regions for modern goods and services.

The purpose is to carry out a comparative analysis of the macroeconomic indicators of the development of the EU countries and the USA.

Objectives: consider the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators of the EU and the US from 2015 to 2020; to study and visualize the dynamics of GDP growth, GDP in PPP per capita, inflation in the EU member states for 2016–2020; investigate the dynamics of the total US government debt for 2015-2020.

Methods. The method of statistical analysis of data from official government websites (European Parliament) and world agencies - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Global-finances. The method of comparative analysis was used to compare real GDP, nominal GDP, GDP per capita, dynamics of changes in GDP EU countries and the USA in relation to previous years.

Results. If we compare the development of the EU and the United States in terms of the main macroeconomic indicators, we can conclude that the countries have experienced periods of recession and stagnation in economic development to the same extent, including those associated with a lockdown and economic crises against the backdrop of a pandemic. However, in 2020, the countries showed a positive trend towards a reduction in negative GDP, including GDP in PPP per capita. The situation is more complicated in the United States, in terms of the size of the national debt.

Conclusions. In modern conditions, the United States and the EU are still not only the main economic partners, but also the main competitors at the global level. The United States plays a leading role in international economic relations, but the United States has the largest trade deficit with China and the EU countries, therefore, in recent years, the idea of creating a free trade zone between the United States and the EU has been most actively supported (among business structures).

MODERNISATION AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY

37-45 87
Abstract

Relevance. Modern Russia is a succession of transformations of the national economy. The reforms carried out in the country affect the issues of social, scientific, scientific-technical (including the modernization of higher education), and general economic nature.

The key mechanism for transforming Russia's economy is national projects, based on a series of documents developed and adopted by the government between 2002 and 2011. All ongoing transformations are based primarily on the development of human capital; systems related to education, health care; transformation of infrastructure; modernization of industry and public administration. The success of such transformations can be ensured by the state policy aimed at increasing the competitive advantages of the Russian economy in the field, science, and digitalization of the economy.

Purpose. To analyze the current state of the Russian economy under the conditions of digital transformation and give recommendations for improving the mechanisms of macroeconomic regulation of the accelerated development of the Russian economy based on proactive industrial policy.

Objectives. To substantiate the conceptual directions of the breakthrough development of industry in the Russian Federation in the strategic perspective, as the basis for sustainable socio-economic development of the country in the context of digitalization.

Methodology. The study used methods of comparative analysis, economic-statistical and methods of expert evaluations.

Results. The industrial complex, based on advanced technologies, is not only an indicator of the pace and efficiency of knowledge-intensive production, stabilizer of socio-economic processes but also serves as a guarantor of the national sovereignty of the country.

Conclusions. The state socio-economic policy aimed at the introduction of advanced technologies affects not only the high-tech sector of the economy but also traditional industries. This policy will make it possible to transform the institutions of economic development and modernize existing business models, as well as to create conditions for improving the ongoing industrial policy.

46-57 96
Abstract

Relevance. The popularity of eco-technological projects has recently gaining increasing revolutions in the light of taking climate skills and frequent biological threats to the world's population. Pandemic lessons showed us that many processes and actions can be transferred to a more secure, contactless interaction mode, which is possible in the case of high-tech interaction in the online environment. In parallel with the development of digital technologies, the process of improving their safety and environmental friendliness is underway, which requires certain targeted financing. Therefore, the concept of "green" financing appeared with the development and development of new "green" trends in the global economy.

The purpose. The purpose of writing the article is to assess the prospects to expand the tools for financing new environmental trends against the background of digitalization and optimization of production processes towards resource saving.

Objectives. In the article, the following tasks were set and consistently solved: to assess the rate of change in the market of technological solutions, to highlight the main ecotechnological trends within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, to determine the main criteria for green financing using the example of individual corporations and the financial markets of the world, to identify green issues of the Moscow Exchange.

Methodology. The paper included the main general scientific research methods and the search for a new knowledge: methods of retrospective analysis, methods of graphical analysis, methods of vertical and horizontal analysis of reporting data, methods of generalization and logic.

Results. The study of the main global ecotechnological trends in the development of economic sectors made it possible to come to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for targeted funding for the implementation of environmental projects. The formed principles of green financing make it possible to place specialized loans in the financial market and ensure the development of resource-saving technologies.

Conclusions. The article discusses the basic principles of green financing and its tools, draws conclusions about the need to expand this area of responsible investment in high-tech resource-saving areas.

58-67 235
Abstract

Relevance. The use of digital platforms can improve the efficiency of business processes. Digital technologies and the huge amounts of digital data generated by their use radically affect the socio-economic processes taking place in society. The main segments in the field of digital transformation at the moment are: payments and transfers, crowdfunding, asset management, financial marketplace, blockchain, platform technologies.

The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the functioning of digital platforms and describe their role in the innovative development of the economy.

Objectives: to describe global trends in financial technologies; to characterize the approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the definition of digital platforms; to identify factors contributing to the development of digital platforms; to characterize the change in the structure of the market through the use of digital platforms.

Methodology. The study used general scientific methods: comparative analysis, generalization, induction. Results. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained: global trends in financial technologies are described; approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the definition of "digital platform" are given; factors influencing the development of digital platforms (changing customer behavior, etc.) are described; the transformation of the market structure under the influence of digital platforms is characterized, which consists in creating multilateral platforms that unite consumers, service providers and stakeholders to exchange values within a larger ecosystem.

Conclusions. The digital platform is an integrated information system that provides a multi-sided process of user interaction for the exchange of information. While reducing overall transaction costs, optimizing business processes, increasing the efficiency of the supply chain of goods and services. The most important strategic decision for financial institutions is to create their own digital platform or partnership with existing third-party platforms.

MANAGEMENT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

68-79 97
Abstract

Relevance. To be successful, enterprises need a comfortable information and economic environment. The importance of state regulatory policy increases to achieve a favorable business climate. This is due to the limited resources of some Russian businesses and COVID-19 impact.

The purpose is within the framework of the paradigm of strategic management, consider the activities to create favorable information and economic conditions for enterprises.

Objectives: analyze information and economic systems to support enterprises as a management result to ensure a comfortable business environment.

Methodology. The author uses methods: posteriori analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification and data visualization.

Results. In the context of digital transformation, the relationship and mutual influence of favorability and informativeness are clearly manifested in the enterprise environment. The strategic management of economically developed countries confirms the possibility of simultaneous implementation of the state development strategic goals: "comfortable business environment" and "informatized society". This experience should be taken into account in regional management when setting goals, developing and implementing appropriate comfort measures. In this study, the author examines the enterprise comfort environment within the strategic management paradigm framework on the example of the Republic of Crimea. Two separate systems of enterprise support exist in the Republic of Crimea. The available regional information resources are not convenient enough.

Conclusion. The goals of operational management on the comfort of the business environment and the digitalization of the economy are fundamentally interconnected at the regional level. Their achievement is a single process.

80-91 182
Abstract

The relevance. In the modern VUCA-world, instability, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity in the external environment of industrial enterprises are growing rapidly. Top management is required to produce and implement innovations, including managerial and technological ones, formed on the basis of a sustainable development model.

The purpose of the article is to develop scientific and methodological approaches to managing the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise.

Objectives: to develop a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise, taking into account the nature of economic relations between an industrial enterprise and its stakeholders; substantiate the feasibility of using technological and managerial innovations as factors in increasing the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise.

The research methodology includes a combination of systemic, logical, empirical and comparative methods of analysis; of static and dynamic approaches, which made it possible to comprehensively consider the processes of forming the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Also, the article used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete and from the general to the particular, as well as the methods of statistical and economic analysis.

Results. An approach to understanding the competitiveness of enterprise through the prism of the «stakeholders ‒ industrial enterprise ‒ stakeholders» system is proposed. It is substantiated that the subject of management is subject to the need to establish and maintain compliance, the relationship between the set of parameters (indicators) of the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise and their respective interests with the parameters and interests of stakeholders. A scientific and methodological approach to the integral assessment of the competitiveness of an enterprise has been developed, and the priorities for managing the CP as an innovative process have been justified.

Conclusion. Testing the proposed approach to the integrated assessment of the competitiveness of Mining Equipment LLC showed that the value of this assessment is directly dependent on the consistency of joint interests.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL SOCIO- ECONOMIC SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

92-105 97
Abstract

The relevance of the research topic is due to the entry of Russian regions into the space of a pandemic crisis, a decrease in their level of economic security and the need to develop tools to improve it. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the current pandemic crisis and its impact on the development of Russian regions, as well as the search for digital technologies to ensure their economic security.

The objectives of the study are to identify the characteristic features of the pandemic crisis and to determine the Russian regional specifics of its manifestation, systematize threats to economic security for the regional economy arising in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to substantiate the advantages of digital technologies for leveling threats to economic security during the pandemic crisis. The authors used the analysis of scientific literature and the method of comparative analysis to compare the socio-economic dynamics of Russian regions.

Metodology. The method of systematization was used to study the threats to the economic security of the region during the pandemic crisis. To reveal the features of the impact of the pandemic on the economic security of Russian regions, the authors implemented a method of economic and statistical analysis.

Results. The article highlights the characteristic features of the pandemic crisis, reveals the Russian regional specifics of its manifestation. The authors attempt to systematize the threats to economic security for the regional economy arising in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The threats of epidemiological, economic, social and technological nature are highlighted. The analysis of the indicators of the socio-economic situation of the regions of Russia, reflecting the current trends of territorial development, is carried out.

Conclusions. The analysis allowed the authors to conclude that the level of economic security of the regions of Russia has decreased during the pandemic crisis. The identified advantages of digital technologies allowed the authors to substantiate the expediency of their using as the basis of implemented measures to level threats to the economic security of Russian regions in the context of the pandemic crisis.

ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION OF ENTERPRISES, INDUSTRIES, COMPLEXES

106-114 87
Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the critical situation of the tourism and hotel business in all regions of the country in the conditions of a new viral infection, including the Kursk region.

The purpose of this study is to study the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hotel business in the Kursk region.

Objectives: to identify the impact of COVID-19 on the state of the tourism and hotel business in the Kursk region; to clarify the ways out of the crisis situation; to study the features of attracting tourists under covid restrictions; to identify key economic and social consequences for the tourism and hotel business of the Kursk region in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.

The methodology is presented by methods of scientific generalization, collection and processing of information, analysis and synthesis.

The results of the study showed that in the conditions of a new viral infection, the tourist and hotel business of the Kursk region is experiencing a significant drop in tourist demand. The spread of a new viral infection did not scare citizens and entrepreneurs so much at first. However, the gradual absorption of country after country, an increasing number of infected and dead became not only the cause of fear of the people, but also the introduction of serious measures to combat the spread of COVID-19. One of the first measures was the restriction of visits to crowded places and the work of hotels, further, it became simply impossible to stay in a hotel. Travel agencies and hotels in the Kursk region still cannot finally "get back on their feet" despite the lifting of strict restrictions and the popularization of domestic tourism among citizens of the Russian Federation. There are no accumulated financial reserves that could mitigate the critical economic situation. It is very difficult for small enterprises of the tourism and hotel business to survive without government support in the current conditions.

Conclusion. Travel agencies and hotels of the Kursk region in the conditions of a pandemic of a new viral infection risk not only not attracting new consumers of their services, but also losing a significant number of regular customers. For travel companies, the weakening of the tourist flow, both from foreign countries and domestic tourists, is a threat. Hotels in the region are also acutely dependent on the demand for tourist services. The dependence of the tourism and hotel business on government support is increasing. The coronavirus pandemic, at least in the medium term, will not allow tourism and hotel businesses to improve their economic situation.

115-126 123
Abstract

Relevance. The fourth technical revolution, in the realities of which active digitalization processes are taking place, radically changes modern ideas about business and the economy, as activities are conducted in new conditions. Business entities adapt to innovative business models, the processes in which fit into the concept of Industry 4.0 and entail a systematic redistribution of roles in the market in favor of innovation-oriented, highperformance, digital enterprises. New opportunities of digitalization inevitably generate new threats to the economic security of business entities, which are caused by the chaotic influence of factors, both external and internal environment, affect all aspects of activity and require timely identification to develop tools to reduce their consequences.

The purpose of the study is a theoretical and methodological study of the issues of distinguishing among innovative forms of entrepreneurial activity a special type of enterprise - a "digital enterprise", with endowed features and a special structure, the features of which allow later to develop a mechanism for systematizing threats to economic security associated with the specifics of its activities for strategic development management.

Objectives: to analyze statistical data on the level of digitalization of business in Russia; to formulate the author's approach to understanding the essence and features of a digital enterprise; to present the author's interpretation of the concept of "economic security of a digital enterprise", as well as to reveal the algorithm for identifying specific threats to the economic security of digital enterprises in order to subsequently manage them to ensure the pace of sustainable development of the enterprise.

Methodology. The materials of the world rating reports and news agencies were used as part of the study. Standard methods of statistical processing were used. The method of classification and comparative analysis, as well as methods of structural-functional and strategic analysis are applied.

Results. The article discusses the main trends of digitalization of business in Russia. The author's approach to understanding the definition of "digital enterprise" is formulated, its key features are highlighted. The systematization of threats to the economic security of digital enterprises is carried out on the basis of the selected features of a digital enterprise.

Conclusions. A digital enterprise is a business entity based on the integration of physical and digital objects, which makes it possible to quickly adapt and implement global technological IT trends in order to ensure sustainable economic development. Digital enterprise is a concept that gives a huge advantage to companies that, following global trends, understand the importance of digitalization in doing business. The economic security of a digital enterprise is a complex, multifaceted concept, which should be understood as the resilience of the enterprise's potential to threats from the digital environment and the mechanism for their analysis, systematization and elimination.

127-136 157
Abstract

The relevance of studying of the field of public catering has never been in doubt, since this type of activity is directly related to the most important human need – the need for food, and the state of this market is closely related to the level of development of the economy of the regions and the state as a whole and reflects the satisfaction of the needs of society and the individual. The restaurant industry in the form in which we perceive it today has been formed for centuries. In the XII century, the first restaurants appeared in China, when the cities of Kaifeng and Hangzhou had a population density of more than a million inhabitants each. One of the prerequisites for the emergence of restaurant enterprises was the rejection of local cuisine by merchants who established trade relations between cities. This implies the principle of business – you need to offer what they want to buy. The sphere of service provision in the XXI century is undergoing a reformation in terms of permissiveness, everyone can get what he wants, whenever and wherever. The Reformation did not ignore the structure of public catering. The reformation of the restaurant business is a global trend that allows us to transform qualitatively new systems of providing food services. Consumers are increasingly paying attention to the" universality of service", including the organization of food services that are not tied to the place of production, but meet the needs of the consumer. Such a cluster of services includes catering. Catering as a way of providing food services is gaining more and more popularity among marketing tools for promoting a restaurant product. The analysis of catering in a broad sense allows us to identify its role in the development of the restaurant industry.

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of catering in the system of providing restaurant services

Оbjectives. The set goal predetermined the formulation of the following objectives: study of the theoretical foundations of catering; study of the catering division into departments, structures; study of the catering product design system.

Methodology. To analyze the works of domestic specialists who covered different aspects of restaurant services, the author relied on such methods as statistical and economic analysis, comparative assessment, cause-and-effect analysis.

Results. The article considers catering as a phenomenon of the restaurant business. The features of catering, the theoretical foundations and divisions of catering are also revealed. Special attention is paid to the catering product design system.

Conclusions. The inattention of managers in the restaurant industry has led to a decline in profits from the restaurant product. To create a competent business strategy, it is necessary to take into account all possible outcomes of events and resort to universal tools to increase the attractiveness of a restaurant product.

137-149 112
Abstract

Relevance. Housing costs rose significantly in the housing market during the pandemic. Тhere was a great interest in the price from state regulatory authorities and market participants. Domestic and foreign researchers mainly identify price bubbles. They compare the income of the population, the price of rent and the cost of housing and do not pay attention to calculating the scale of speculative price bubbles. Today in Russia, the study of this problem is relevant.

The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology for identifying speculative price bubbles on the real estate market. It uses the value of the fair value during the period of stability, the simulated fair value and the market value in the conditions of a hype market.

The objectives of the study were to provide a dynamic analysis of the housing market, identify periods of stability of excessive price growth in the market, simulate fair value with stable values of price-forming factors and calculate the size of the price bubble.

Methodology. The research is based on correlation and regression analysis, an index method of information processing.

Results. The percentage sizes of speculative price bubbles were established. The fair price base in the housing market was adopted, a scale for dividing speculative bubbles was developed.

Conclusion. Calculations were made for the housing market in Sochi in 2021, a euphoric price bubble of 54 per cent was calculated. Macroeconomic factors have not changed, so the market price requires special attention from interested parties.

HUMAN RESOURCES AND EDUCATION

150-166 152
Abstract

Relevance. The pandemic served as a catalyst for the digitalization of the economy, accelerated the processes of automation and digitalization in all spheres of the economy and in the social life of society. The key problem faced by IT companies in connection with the widespread introduction of information technology is the increased need for qualified programmers and analysts. The current situation has led to the need to assess the labor market of the IT sector in order to identify trends in meeting the demand for IT specialists.

The purpose of the study: to assess the current situation and trends in the development of the labor market of IT specialists in our country after a one-year pandemic.

The objectives: the number of IT specialists in the country's economy; the job market, requests and offers from employers; the structure of vacancies; activity and portrait of applicants.

The research methodology is based on a systematic approach. The research is based on a resource approach. Traditional methods for theoretical and applied research were used - statistical analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The research material was statistical data of Rosstat and the All-Russian federal database of vacancies and resumes, analytical materials of labor market research of IT specialists.

Results. The pandemic accelerated the processes of digitalization of the economy and social life of society, caused a new round of competition for IT specialists. Research has revealed a growing need for IT specialists in all areas of the economy. There was an imbalance of supply and demand in the industrial labor market. Programmers are one of the most needed and paid specialists, the need for which is observed in all sectors of the economy.

Conclusions. There was a need to change the paradigm of staff search and recruitment. How well the employer company will be represented on the market and how well it will behave with applicants in the process of coordinating the interests of the employer and the employee, so the success of hiring the right specialist will be ensured.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

167-181 370
Abstract

Relevance. The student's age plays a key role in the process of educational and professional socialization of the individual, during which the stage of growing up, developing a sense of identity and planning their future takes place. One of these stages is the process of educational activity, which plays an important role in strengthening faith in one's own success, the ability to be productive. However, there are also obstacles that limit the complex formation of personality ‒ procrastination in postponing academic affairs or academic procrastination.

The purpose is to determine the nature of the formation of academic procrastination of students, as well as to identify the importance of motivation in the structure of these factors.

Objectives: to conduct an empirical study and analyze the reasons for the formation of academic procrastination of students; to study the educational motives of students, to determine the fundamental difference between the performance of long-term and daily educational tasks, cases of willing fulfillment of these tasks, as well as the emotional prerequisites of students who have decided not to perform educational tasks, regardless of their urgency and time costs.

Methodology. The study used a methodology aimed at identifying the motives of educational activity among students, the methodology "PASS procrastination assessment Scale" in the adaptation of M. V. Zvereva, and factor analysis by the method of principal components, as well as a survey of student youth by means of a questionnaire.

Results. Interpretation of the data obtained allowed us to confirm the existence of the problem of academic procrastination and its impact on academic motivation among students. Professional and educational-cognitive motives are among the driving motives that guide students to academic activity. The most common form of academic procrastination is procrastination in completing long-term tasks.

Conclusions. Further sociological research should take into account a whole set of theoretical and methodological grounds on the basis of which it is possible to present the phenomenon of academic procrastination in its entirety and totality.

182-192 103
Abstract

The relevance of the research topic is caused by the emergence of serious scientific interest in the study of value orientations in the system of succession of generations at the present stage. The article is devoted to topical issues of generational continuity and the specifics of the formation of intergenerational ties, in order to identify the features of the value attitudes of modern youth, manifested in ways of behavior that are not characteristic of the Russian mentality in relation to the older generation.

The purpose of this article is the need to identify and study the features of the formation of value orientations in the process of intergenerational relations in modern society.

Objectives: to study the values of modern society in the system of generational succession; to identify the features of the relationship between the younger and older generations; to show the transformation of the system of intergenerational ties in modern conditions that form the basis of the process of generational succession of society.

Methodology. In the process of writing the article, methods of systemic, structural and functional analysis were used, methods of comparison, observation, and questioning were used in the process of studying value orientations in the system of generational succession.

Results. The practical significance of the article lies in the use of provisions and conclusions in the creation of family information policy of the state, aimed at strengthening ties between generations. A sociological study conducted within the framework of the problem under study made it possible to determine the attitude of young people to the older generation, analyze the features of value preferences and attitudes among young people in the system of generational succession, which revealed the need for dialogue between generations as an opportunity to ensure harmonious interaction at the intergenerational level.

Conclusions. The transformational processes affecting the institution of the family, caused by modern trends in the socio-economic and political spheres, reflected in the emergence of new value attitudes among the younger generation, which are based on the dominance of individual values, without taking into account the unique, socio-cultural experience of the older generation, had a significant impact on the state of the system of traditional succession of generations. In these conditions, it is necessary to re-establish contacts that promote the establishment of traditional ties between generations, in which they will be interested in order to continue the historical and socio-cultural continuity of generations.

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF NATURE, SOCIETY AND HUMAN

193-208 99
Abstract

Relevance. The crisis of the modern European sovereign nation-state is defined as existential (not "technical"); therefore, we should talk about a socio-philosophical study of the "crisis of the foundations".

The purpose of the article is to present the non-reality of the foundations of the nation-state in modern times, totally determined by the dominant liberal economic paradigm of the political (J. Agamben), and modern ways of removing the consequences of the political crisis in the liberal tradition.

The objective is based on the interpretation of these statements - to determine the conditions and boundaries of the possibility of "response" from the perspective of "liberal metaphysics".

Methodology. According to K. Schmitt, liberalism is "consistent metaphysics", the essence of which is defined as "endless free / public discussion"; a consistent liberal "response" to the challenge, therefore, can only be given on the basis of the named "essence" ‒ the main methodological position that determines the structure and content of this article.

Results. It was revealed, that a nation as a form of political unity of a sovereign people, in the perspective of liberal metaphysics, cannot be relied on as a "substance of the state". That the people-sovereign is "split in itself" and the available ways of actualizing its real unity are no longer "valid". That the mechanisms of political representation that democratically legitimize the power institutions of a sovereign nation-state in its new European, that is, liberal, form, need radical reform. "Free discussion", stated in the article, is limited in the possibility of "answering" the "existential crisis"; this presupposes the need to reduce the "political" (Schmitt's "concept of the political" as an "existential solution" of the sovereign in the horizon of the existential opposition "friend – enemy") and "reduction" by means of such a reduction of the "essentially political" to technical issues of "governance" (M. Weber). Three main methods of "liberal reduction of the political" are distinguished: "logical-epistemological" by Y. Elster, "ethical" by J. Rawls, "aesthetic" by R. Ankersmit, and their characteristic "features" are determined.

Conclusion. It is concluded that a consistent liberal political philosophy, losing in its understanding of politics as government, the distinction between auctoritas and potestas, is unable to thematize the "existential", that is, political, crisis of the foundations of a sovereign nation-state.

209-218 68
Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the process of digitalization is integrated into the entire set of sectors of the national economy, which is directly related to maintaining the proper level of well-being of the population. Charity, including caritative activities, is also subject to digitalization. The author considers fundraising and crowdfunding as a tool for digital socially transformative investment. The elements and the mechanism of financial transactions for online charitable donation are presented, their functionality is described in symbiosis with web services.

The purpose is to identify and structure the essential features of innovative forms of caritative activity: fundraising and crowdfunding.

Objectives: to reveal the concepts: "innovative forms of caritative activity", "fundraising" and "crowdfunding"; to analyze the algorithm of functioning of innovative forms of caritative activity, as well as to predict the ways of their further development in the future.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is based on the ontological, socio-economic approach, as well as other and other approaches, generalized by the dialectical method, in the study of the innovative field of caritative activity.

Result. Result of the work carried out, the essence, as well as the mechanism for implementing innovative forms of caritative activity, is considered, a model of interaction between participants in fundraising and crowdfunding relations is derived. The socio-philosophical aspect of caritative activity is presented.

Conclusions. Socially transformative investment is an important element of the digitalization of philanthropy, which is prominently expressed in the form of fundraising and crowdfunding. With the successful implementation of innovative forms of caritative activity and their introduction into practice, the speed of solving financial problems related to fundraising, as well as the completeness of coverage of the audience interested in caritative assistance, significantly increases.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS

219-231 88
Abstract

Relevance. In this work we continue to develop the range of problems raised in the first article, which shows that the ontological status of an artistic image is made up of its "materiality", sign-symbolic and metaphysical components. An urgent problem for the theory and philosophy of the theater is the development and substantiation of the processes of synthesis of the imagination and physicality of the actor in practice, in the embodiment of the stage image.

The purpose is on the basis of the philosophical and methodological analysis of theatrical practice we are going to show that the embodiment of a stage image in a theatrical performance is possible only under the condition of a joint maximum concentration of perception, both by the actor and the spectator.

Objectives: on the basis of various theatrical concepts and ideas of quantum-synergetic anthropology we plan to consider the formation of a stage image in practice; to reveal the relationship of the ontological status of this image with the problem of the unity of consciousness and body; to identify the features of the audience's perception of the game and the unique characteristics of theatrical practice as a post-non-classical practice.

Methodology. Historical and philosophical approach to the problems of perception and the correlation of corporality and consciousness; philosophical reflection, hermeneutical method, methodology of generalized corporeality in quantum-synergetic anthropology.

Results. The concept of a creative impulse of a theatrical action is introduced as an interpretation of the concept of A. Bergson's creative impulse in theatrical practice. As a result of the study, it was found that the completeness of the perception of the stage image mainly depends on the integrity of the states of the actor's generalized corporeality in the acts of the "creative impulse" of the theatrical action.

Conclusions. The theatrical production gives the viewer much less space for interpretation (compared to other non-stage art forms) in the process of being captured by the general action, although, of course, it does not completely deprive him of this freedom. The ontological status of the stage image represents the integrity of the processes of the generalized corporality of the actor and the audience's perception.

232-243 113
Abstract

Relevance. The rapid development of the technosphere has played a huge role in the qualitative change of numerous processes in all spheres of human social life. The evolution of the modern anthropo-techno sphere, including the formation of the latest technologies, has led to the emergence of the sociotechnical landscape (STL). STL, being a system of representation of various phenomena of the ecological technosphere, at the same time causes various problems and provides significant opportunities for humanity. All this makes it necessary to determine the prospects for the greening of the technosphere, as well as the main trends in the influence of STL models on modern society, man and the environment. The purpose is conducting a philosophical analysis of the ecological technosphere as the basic context of the formation of the sociotechnical landscape (STL).

Objectives: to define the essence of the concept of "ecological technosphere" in its relationship with the new socio-cultural model of the lifestyle of human civilization; consider the TABLE construct as an explication of the ecological technosphere and the anthropoecological system as a whole; to trace the formation of STL through the prism of industrial revolutions; describe Industry 4.0 as a result of the integration and combination of the effects of multiple technologies; to identify the main prospects for further interaction between the technosphere and the ecosphere.

Methodology. To substantiate the concept of anthropological complementarity, assuming the fact that human activity includes simultaneous subordination to nature and control over it, an analysis of the processes and mechanisms that underlie the formation of STL as an explication of the ecological technosphere was carried out.

Results. The presented manuscript presents the results of the philosophical analysis of the STEEL construct as an explication of the ecological technosphere and the anthropoecological system as a whole. In the course of this study, the formation of STL was considered through the prism of industrial revolutions, and the main prospects for further interaction between the technosphere and the ecosphere were identified.

Conclusions. Conducting an interdisciplinary analysis of the role of the technosphere as a determining factor in the development and formation of all other technical systems and products is an urgent and significant problem. A comprehensive study of the ecological technosphere as the basic context of the formation of STL is necessary, due to the fact that it created the prerequisites for the emergence of artificial intelligence and convergent technologies, which currently determine global economic, cultural, social and industrial trends.

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Abstract

Relevance. Money laundering has strong consequences throughout the world, which distort and seriously distort economic processes, since it can completely destroy the political and financial systems of a country. Credit organizations, as intermediaries in financial transactions, are the main participants in the process of legalization of income and anti-money laundering activities. Therefore, risk management becomes a decisive element for identifying actions that may indicate suspiciousness of a transaction, and associate its participants with money laundering, and requires banks to form special methodological tools.

The purpose. In this article, it is planned to consider issues related to the study of methodological approaches to assessing client risks used in world practice, when assessing banks in anti-money laundering activities and the possibility of their adaptation in the activities of Russian credit institutions.

Objectives. Within the framework of the scientific article, scientific tasks were set and solved to develop a methodological approach to assessing client risks (including a new client and a client with a long service period) of involvement in legalization of income.

Methodology. The proposed methodological approach is implemented using linear regression and gradient boosting methodology based on a decision tree.

Results. The research carried out allows us to form two models that offer solutions for identifying new and old clients whose activities involve money laundering.

Conclusions. Considering that the supervisory authorities are increasingly focusing on developing the ability of banks to prevent suspicious transactions in advance, this requires a credit institution to develop a set of various tools that allow a high level of probability to identify suspicious transactions by a client and prevent them from being carried out in the bank.

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Abstract

Relevance. Our country presents a unique variety of socio-cultural traditions in different regions, ethnic groups and tourist routes in several climatic zones. The sudden COVID-19 pandemic left its mark on the functioning of the Russian tourism industry during this period. Managing the development of domestic tourism in Russia with the creation of new routes through unique natural and ethnocultural places is especially important in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to identify tools for managing the development of the Russian tourism industry.

Objectives. To achieve this goal, the author studied state programs for the development of the tourism industry, modern sociological scientific approaches to the study of the regional image, key indicators of the development of the tourism sector, conducted five focus groups with a youth audience.

Methodology. In the course of work on the study, the author used the method of systemic and structural-functional approaches to the consideration of the regional image, key indicators of tourism development, as well as the focus group method.

Results. During discussions in five focus groups, the author proposed a list of tools for the development of the travel and hospitality industry and new routes for Russians to travel.

Conclusions. The Russian Federation has tremendous opportunities for the multifaceted disclosure and development of the tourism industry. The COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the closure of the borders of other states, has become another factor making it possible for Russians to open up new places within the country. For the integrated development of the Russian tourism industry, global and local solutions and tools are needed to support the development of the industry.

265-275 103
Abstract

Relevance. The article discusses the digital transformation of industrial production, which is the main direction for the effective development of the national economy, which is a condition for ensuring high adaptability in the formation of business models, as well as in the work of production processes through the integration of end-to-end digital technologies. The author determines that the main thing for the effective implementation of digital technologies in industry is the desire for a comprehensive increase in efficiency, as well as the creation of conditions for the efficient operation of industries. The constituent elements of a typical industrial potential of the region are given, as well as the integral rating of the regions included in the Central Black Earth Economic Region in terms of the level of industrial potential development in 2020 is calculated. The production potential of one of the regions of the Central Black Earth economic region is considered, the influence of the level of digitalization on this potential is revealed. It should be noted that the dependence of the development of production potential on the level of development of digitalization of the economy was revealed using correlations, while the main form of investor support is subsidies for reimbursement of part of the costs of paying interest on loans for projects in the investment sphere, which are provided by the administration of the subject of the region, on the basis of a competition, at the expense of budgetary funds. It is concluded that a prerequisite for the successful implementation of strategies and programs for the socioeconomic development of regions is a well-functioning mechanism for monitoring and tactical management of business processes for implementing programs, tools for assessing the effectiveness of managerial decisions.

The purpose of the study is to determine the production potential of the Kursk region, as well as the impact of the level of digitalization on this potential.

The objectives of the study are to determine the production potential in dynamics over a ten-year period, as well as to identify the dependence of an increase (decrease) in production potential on an increase (decrease) in the level of digitalization of the economy.

Methodology. In this paper, a correlation method is used, in which different correlation and regression models are used. There are also various correlation functions, with the help of which individual elements of the production potential are determined.

Results. The relationship between an increase in the level of digitalization of the economy and an increase in production potential is high and direct (one factor will increase, followed by the second factor).

Conclusions. According to the level of development in the Kursk region, industrial potential occupies the last place among the regions included in the Central Chernozem Economic Region, and the region occupies the 1st place in terms of investment attractiveness, also occupies the 1st place in the share of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in the GRP, but the rating of industrial development is not the highest. The digitalization of the economy in the region is quite high.



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ISSN 2223-1552 (Print)